Research Progress on the Application of Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy in Agriculture

Hongtao Zhang; Yongsheng Cai; Yu Wang; Yueyao Guo; Hongrui Li

doi:10.3788/LOP202259.2300005

Journals >Laser & Optoelectronics Progress >Volume 59 >Issue 23 >Page 2300005 > Article

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
Vol. 59, Issue 23, 2300005 (2022)

Research Progress on the Application of Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy in Agriculture

Hongtao Zhang, Yongsheng Cai^*, Yu Wang, Yueyao Guo, and Hongrui Li

Author Affiliations

Institute of Electric Power, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, Henan , China

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DOI: 10.3788/LOP202259.2300005 Cite this Article Set citation alerts

Hongtao Zhang, Yongsheng Cai, Yu Wang, Yueyao Guo, Hongrui Li. Research Progress on the Application of Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy in Agriculture[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2022, 59(23): 2300005 Copy Citation Text

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Fig. 1. Schematic of THz-TDS system in transmission model

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Physical signs	Target object	Frequency /THz	Method	Result	Reference
Water content	Soybean leaf	0.2-1.6	PCA MLR BPNN LS-SVM	RMSEP is 0.0465	［31］
	Scindapsus leaf	0.5-1.4	MLR	$R_{P}$ =0.9891 RMSEP is 0.0244	［32］
	Soybean leaf	0.6-1.8	PLS MLR	$R_{P}$ =0.9153 RMSEP is 0.0526	［33］
Chlorophyll	Pine needles of pinus massoniana	1.0-4.0	DFT	Characteristic absorption peak location 1.05，1.6，2.25，2.8，3.5 THz	［35］

Table 1. Data statistics of plant physiological detection

Target object	Frequency /THz	Method	Limit of detection	Result	Reference
Trichlorfon	0.9-2.1	PLSR	10%	$R > 0.99304$ ， $R M S E C < 0.0219$ ， $R M S E P < 0.0246$	［36］
Glyphosate	0.2-1.5	FFT	0.18%	Characteristic absorption peak location is 0.79，0.89，1.19，1.31，1.43 THz	［37］
Chlortetracycline hydrochloride and tetracycline hydrochloride	0.5-1.0	PCA PLSR	1%	$R > 0.9089$ ， $R M S E C V < 0.1689$ ， $R M S E C < 0.0623$ ， $R M S E P < 0.1280$	［38］
Heavy metal lead	0.1-2.0	PLS iPLS GA-PLS	30 $m g / k g$	$R_{p}$ =0.81， $R M S E P$ is 39.52 $m g / k g$	［40］
Heavy metal lead	0.075-2.0	PLS SVM BPNN	50 $m g / k g$	PH is 8.5， $R_{p}$ =0.9946， $R M S E P$ is 22.70 mg∙kg^-1； PH is 7.0， $R_{p}$ =0.9757， $R M S E P$ is 33.04 mg∙kg^-1； PH is 5.5， $R_{p}$ =0.9744， $R M S E P$ is 55.03 mg∙kg^-1	［41］

Table 2. Data statistics of soil testing

Application	Target object	Frequency /THz	Method	Result	Reference
Qualitative analysis	Germinated wheat grains	0.2-2.5	PLSR LS-SVM BPNN	Accuracy is 93.57%	［55］
	Moldy wheat	0.2-1.6	SVM PLSR BPNN	Accuracy is 100%（none）， 86.67%（slight）， 84%（moderate），and 100%（serious）	［56］
	Worm-eaten wheat	0.2-3.0	Otsu GA-Otsu Improved GA-Otsu	Error is 4.17%	［57］
Quantitative analysis	Water content of apple and mango	0.75-1.1	SVM KNN D-Tree	Apple：Day1，Day2，Day3，Day4， accuracy is 100% Mango：Day1，Day4， accuracy is 100%，Day2 accuracy is 98.8%，Day3 accuracy is 93.3%	［60］
	Purple rice， dyed rice， dyed black rice	0.5-2.5	PLS-DA PLS LS-SVM	Purple rice mixed with dyed rice $R_{p}$ =0.979， $R M S E P$ is 0.091；purple rice mixed with dyed black rice $R_{p}$ =0.948， $R M S E P$ is 0.093	［61］
	Plumpness for sunflower	0.5-2.0	Otsu	$R M S E P$ is 4% $R_{p}$ =0.91	［64］
	Shell contaminations from walnut kernels	0.3-0.8	PCA	Limit of detection 4 $%$	［66］

Table 3. Data statistics of quality detection of agricultural products

Target object	Frequency /THz	Method	Result	Reference
Transgenic cotton seed	0-1.5	GA-SVM	Accuracy is 96.67%	［69］
Wheat varieties	0.2-2.0	PLS iPLS	$R$ =0.992 $R M S E C V$ is 0.967	［71］
Soybean varieties	0.05-2.0	DT BPNN SVM	Accuracy is 89.29%	［72］
Hybrid purity verification of rice seeds	0.3-1.4	ELM PLSR	$E_{L o o}$ =2.005 $\times 10^{- 5}$ $R^{2}$ =96.75%	［73］
Transgenic rice seeds	0-5	PCA BPNN RF	Accuracy is 96.67%	［75］

Table 4. Data statistics of breeding quality control

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