The influence mechanism of the laser remelting path on the residual stress and surface quality of the cladding layer was studied by combining numerical simulation and experiment to further improve the surface quality of the remanufactured alloy layer and its comprehensive mechanical properties. First, the laser cladding and remelting models were established using the Simufact Welding software platform, and the variation laws of the temperature field and stress field during the remelting process were simulated and studied under three different scanning paths, respectively. Subsequently, the laser remelting process experiment was performed, and the residual stress and surface morphology of the remanufactured alloy layer were detected and analyzed using an X-ray residual stress detector and a Keyence ultra-depth-of-field microscope. The simulation results show that the temperature gradient of each point on the workpiece's surface during the remelting process is significantly lower than that during the cladding process. The workpiece's maximum residual stress before remelting is 269.59 MPa. The residual stress of the workpiece is significantly reduced after laser remelting, and the residual stress value of the workpiece under the L₁-type-remelting path is the smallest, which is only about half of the stress value before remelting. Furthermore, the residual stress test results and the numerical deviation of the simulation calculation are both within 10%, which proves the simulation calculation's accuracy. Laser remelting can effectively reduce the surface roughness of the cladding layer, according to three dimensional extraction of the surface morphology of the alloy layer.