The nephrite in the market come from different deposits, like Xinjiang, Qinghai, Russia and South Korea. The nephrite from the South Korea is a new kind of jade, which hasn′t been thoroughly studied yet. The chemical components, physical structures and geological character of different nephrite samples from Qinghai and South Korea are studied by Raman spectrum, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and polarizing microscope. The testing results show that the chemical components are similar and the main geological composition of nephrite is tremolite, the feature Raman shifts are 667 and 1051 cm-1. XRF shows that the content of Fe has a positive correlation with the color. While the crystallinity of nephrite from Qinghai is better and the fibers are better aligned than the nephrite from South Korea. The differences in physical structures offer the theoretical basis for nephrite's quality evaluation.