In order to effectively detect the strain of oil pipeline, Firstly, the finite element software is proposed to apply load to the oil pipeline with support and hanger structure, and the strain distribution on the surface of the pipeline is simulated to optimize the strain detection arrangement mode of the distributed optical fiber oil pipeline. Then, the sensing fiber is pasted to the outer surface of the pipeline along the axial direction. The strain distribution on the pipeline surface is monitored in real time by measuring Brillouin frequency shift by brillouin optical time domain analyzer(BOTDA). Comparing the simulation and experimental data, it can be known that the top and bottom of the pipeline are sensitive to strain, and the simulation result of the strain distribution on the pipeline surface are basically consistent with the experimental measurement.