Chaos is a kind of seemingly random irregular movement arising in a certain system, which is extremely sensitive to initial conditions. Laser chaos is an important part in the reserach of chaos theory. The Ikeda laser system model is introduced, which includes the establishment of the dynamic model, dynamic equation and the corresponding characteristics of the system. The Bifurcation and Lyapunov exponent maps are simulated by MATLAB. And the characteristics of the system are analyzed and discussed with simulation images.