An on-orbit vicarious calibration experiment for FY-4A was formally performed at Dunhuang Radiometric Calibration Site in late April, 2017. In order to meet the needs of the directional corrections in the sensor viewing angle of surface reflectances, the Dunhuang Gobi surface directional reflectances were measured using a portable measurement instrument. The spring directional reflection characteristics of Dunhuang site were qualitatively analyzed and the parameters of bidirectional reflectance distribution function model were inversed based on the RossThick-LiSparseR kernel-driven model. The linear regression analysis was performed for the calculated data and the measured data, the adjusted R-Square of April 26th, 27th and 28th, 2017 are 0.75, 0.83 and 0.85, and the present model had proven to provide a good fit to measured data. The anisotropy factors in the solar principal plane were obtained by utilizing model and compared with historical data of moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer BRDF/Albedo model parameters product. The relative deviation of band 2 and band 4 were below 1.56% and the band 5 was below 3.12% when the view zenith angle was less than 40 degrees. The results demonstrate that the constructed model can pretty describe the directional reflection characteristics of Dunhuang site, and verify the reliability of measured data.