TiC-reinforced Fe-based composites are prepared to improve the surface mechanical properties of 65Mn steel and explore the effect of TiC content on the cladding morphology and forming quality of Fe-based coatings. The TiC/Fe-based ceramic composite coating was fabricated on the surface of 65Mn steel by laser cladding technology. The effects of different TiC contents on the quality (porosity), aspect ratio, and microhardness of the cladding layer are compared. The results show that with increasing TiC content, the aspect ratio first increases and then decreases. When the mass fraction of TiC is 30%, the aspect ratio reaches a maximum of 5.31, and the porosity decreases. The addition of an appropriate amount of TiC can effectively improve the hardness of the composite coatings, but very high TiC content results in excessive gas in the molten pool. Thus, the porosity increases and good coating performance cannot be obtained. The results of this study are expected to play a guiding role in the field of agricultural machinery tools.