Theory and measurement model of administrative region potential from a perspective of administrative division adjustment: Taking Chongqing city as a case study

Kaiyong WANG; Fuyuan WANG

doi:10.1007/s11442-020-1785-9

Journals >Journal of Geographical Sciences >Volume 30 >Issue 8 >Page 1341 > Article

Journal of Geographical Sciences
Vol. 30, Issue 8, 1341 (2020)

Theory and measurement model of administrative region potential from a perspective of administrative division adjustment: Taking Chongqing city as a case study

Kaiyong WANG^1,2,* and Fuyuan WANG^1,2

Author Affiliations

¹Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

²Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

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DOI: 10.1007/s11442-020-1785-9 Cite this Article

Kaiyong WANG, Fuyuan WANG. Theory and measurement model of administrative region potential from a perspective of administrative division adjustment: Taking Chongqing city as a case study[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(8): 1341 Copy Citation Text

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Fig. 1. Map showing Chongqing's administrative division

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Change in Chongqing's GDP and its ratio of national GDP 1984-2014 [GDP (hundreds of millions yuan)/ratio/GDP (hundreds of millions yuan), per capita GDP ratio, ratio of Chongqing per capita GDP to Sichuan per capita GDP]

Fig. 2. Change in Chongqing's GDP and its ratio of national GDP 1984-2014 [GDP (hundreds of millions yuan)/ratio/GDP (hundreds of millions yuan), per capita GDP ratio, ratio of Chongqing per capita GDP to Sichuan per capita GDP]

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Fig. 3. Administrative potential indicator values for Chongqing 1984-2014

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Fig. 4. Overall administrative region potential of Chongqing 1984-2014[Chongqing's administrative region potential/per capita GDP status//year//Chongqing's administrative region potential (X)/Chongqing's per capita GDP status (Y)]

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Date	Administrative division adjustment content
Mar-Aug 1992	The three counties of Yongchuan County, Jiangjin County and Hechuan County were redesignated as cities and incorporated into Chongqing Municipality.
Mar 1, 1995	Chongqing Municipality's previous 9 municipal districts, 3 county-level cities and 9 counties were adjusted into 11 municipal districts, 3 county-level cities and 7 counties, expanding the administrative regions of the Central District, Jiangbei District, Nan'an District, Shapingba District, Jiulongpo District, Dadukou District and Beibei District. Baxian County and Jiangbei County were abolished, and Banan District and Yubei District were established. After the adjusting these districts, Chongqing's main urban area increased from 931.1 km² to 5472.8 km² (Xinhuanet, 2009).
Sep 15, 1996	Central government approves incorporating Wanxian City, Fuling City and Qianjiang District into Chongqing Municipality.
Jun 18, 1997	Chongqing upgraded to become the fourth municipality directly under the central government in China.
Dec 20, 1998	Chongqing Municipality abolished Wanxian City and its jurisdictions of Longbao, Tiancheng and Wuqiao districts, and established Wanzhou District and set up Wanzhou Immigration Development Zone. It also abolished Fuling City, Zhicheng District and Lidu District, and established Fuling District.
Dec 25, 2001	Changshou County redesignated as Changshou District.
Oct 22, 2006	Jiangjin, Hechuan, Yongchuan and Nanchuan cities were redesignated as municipal districts, significantly increasing the area of built-up municipal districts that year.
Oct 27, 2011	Wansheng District and Qijiang County were abolished, and Qijiang District and Wansheng Economic and Technological Development Zone were established; Shuangqiao District and Dazu County were abolished, and Dazu District and Shuangqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone were established.
May 2, 2014	Tongliang and Daishan counties were redesignated as municipal districts, giving Chongqing jurisdiction over a total of 21 municipal districts, 13 counties and 4 autonomous counties.

Table 1.

The administrative division adjustments of Chongqing from 1984 to 2014

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Element	Indicator	Equation	Meaning of variables
Dependent variable	Per capita GDP ratio (AGP)	$AG{{P}_{t}}=\frac{GD{{P}_{t}}/PO{{P}_{t}}}{TGD{{P}_{t}}/TPO{{P}_{t}}}$. (11).	GDP_t: local GDP in year tTGDP_t: GDP in year tPOP_t: permanent population of Chongqing in year tTPOP_t: permanent population of China in year t
S	Construction land area (LP)	$L{{P}_{t}}=\frac{B{{A}_{t}}/PO{{P}_{t}}}{TB{{A}_{t}}/TPO{{P}_{t}}}\text{*}\left( 1-\frac{GD{{P}_{t}}}{TGD{{P}_{t}}} \right)$. (12-1).	BA_t: built-up area of the administrative region in year tTBA_t: total built-up area in nationwide urban areas in year t
	Human capital ratio (HCP)	$HC{{P}_{t}}=\frac{C{{S}_{t}}/PO{{P}_{t}}\text{}10000}{TC{{S}_{t}}/TPO{{P}_{t}}\text{}10000}\text{*}\left( 1-\frac{GD{{P}_{t}}}{TGD{{P}_{t}}} \right)$. (12-2).	CS_t: number of local college students in year tTCS_t:: number of college students nationwide in year t
	Fixed-asset investment ratio (FTP)	$FT{{P}_{t}}=\frac{F{{S}_{t}}/PO{{P}_{t}}}{TF{{S}_{t}}/TPO{{P}_{t}}}\text{*}\left( 1-\frac{GD{{P}_{t}}}{TGD{{P}_{t}}} \right).$ (12-3).	FI_t: local fixed-asset investment in year tTFI_t:: national fixed-asset investment in year t
Q	Fiscal decentralization of admin region (FD)	$F{{D}_{t}}=\frac{F{{S}_{t}}/PO{{P}_{t}}}{F{{S}_{t}}/PO{{P}_{t}}+CGF{{S}_{t}}/TPO{{P}_{t}}}\text{*}(1-\frac{GD{{P}_{t}}}{TGD{{P}_{t}}})$. (12-4).	FS_t: local fiscal expenditure in year tCGFS_t: central fiscal expenditure in year tGDP_t: GRP in year tTGDP_t: GDP in year t
Q	Local administrative decentralization (AD)	$A{{D}_{t}}=\frac{P{{S}_{t}}/PO{{P}_{t}}10000}{TP{{S}_{t}}/TPO{{P}_{t}}10000}\text{*}\left( 1-\frac{GD{{P}_{t}}}{TGD{{P}_{t}}} \right).$ (12-5).	PS_t: number of local public administration and social organization workers in year tTPS_t_:: number of national local public administration and social organization workers in year t

Table 2.

Equations for measuring administrative region potential indicators

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Sequence	ADF test statistical value	Prob.	Order	Method	Conclusion
Administrative region potential	-4.694	0.004	1	Trend and intercept	Stable
Per capita GDP ratio	-5.679	0.000	1	Trend and intercept	Stable
Per capita foreign exports	-6.837	0.000	1	Trend and intercept	Stable
Non-agricultural population rate	-5.379	0.001	1	Trend and intercept	Stable
Employment level	-4.487	0.009	1	Trend and intercept	Stable

Table 3.

Results of the unit root test of variables

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Variable	Coefficient	Std. error	t-Statistic	Prob
Constant term	0.609	0.052	11.717	0.000
Administrative region potential	0.604	0.110	5.477	0.000
Non-agricultural population	-0.009	0.218	-0.040	0.969
Per capita foreign exports	0.107	0.035	3.051	0.005
WCD program*administrative region potential	-0.041	0.027	-1.541	0.136
Employment level	-0.167	0.040	-4.203	0.000
R²=0.963 Adjusted R² =0.956 F=131.583 DW=1.404