The application of Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG) sensor to measurement of material property is researched. The principle of Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) for dynamic performance measurement of low impedance material is introduced and the problems related to the application of FBG sensor in SHPB for strain testing are discussed. The relation between the strain wave propagating in elastic bar of low impedance material and the wavelength shift is derived. Then, the interrogation system for high frequency dynamic strain measurement based on FBG is set up and the surface strain of elastic bar in SHPB is measured with the interrogation system and compared with the instrument PI02-04.The experimental results show that the interrogation system has good performance during 10 kHz and its signal-to-noise is about 40 dB.Research results prove that FBG sensor has a good application prospect in the dynamic performance measurement of low impedance material.