Current detection modules in microspectral imaging systems primarily comprise push-broom spectral imagers, which cannot observe dynamic microscopic samples. In this study, leveraging the capabilities of metamaterial broad-spectrum-modulated spectroscopic imaging technology, a snapshot spectroscopic camera was developed and used as a detector module to form a novel snapshot microscopic spectroscopic imaging system with a microscope module. This system enables real-time acquisition of spectral curves and image information from samples. Additionally, we used the developed system to obtain the absorption spectral curves of different algae and further used a image segmentation recognition algorithm based on a support vector machine to recognize dynamic algae samples in water. A total of 80 samples were tested in this experiment, yielding 100% accuracy and 65.52% recall for the prediction results. Thus this result forms the foundation for the application of snapshot spectral imaging technology in the field of microscopy.