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A Review on Unmanned Aircraft System Control
WU Panlong, HUANG Fanjing, HE Shan, CUI Junjie, ZHAO Ruohan, and HE Jingang
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV),as a low-cost and high-efficiency star product that integrates technological innovation and diversified application scenarios,is leading the transformation of many industries in the current society.At the heart of this transformation lies the ongoing research and progress of UAV system conUnmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV),as a low-cost and high-efficiency star product that integrates technological innovation and diversified application scenarios,is leading the transformation of many industries in the current society.At the heart of this transformation lies the ongoing research and progress of UAV system control.UAV system control is a crucial aspect of UAV technology,involving multiple aspects such as flight stability,navigation accuracy,task execution capability,and safety.A review and analysis of relevant literature in recent years are conducted.Firstly,the development needs of UAV system control are elaborated,and a detailed introduction to the development and control architecture of UAV system control is provided.Subsequently,a thorough overview and in-depth analysis are conducted on the key technological issues of UAV system control,namely navigation positioning,tracking control,adaptive control,and cluster cooperative control.Finally,the development trend of UAV system control is discussed..
Electronics Optics & Control
- Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2024
- Vol. 31, Issue 10, 1 (2024)
An Initial Alignment Algorithm Based on SUKF-KF Hybrid Filtering
QIU Haitao, MEI Fangyu, and ZHANG Feng
This paper proposes a SUKF-KF hybrid filtering algorithm suitable for initial alignment of SINS static base with large azimuth misalignment angles,in response to the problem of high computational complexity and low computational efficiency of the initial alignment UKF algorithm.The nonlinear error model is decomposed iThis paper proposes a SUKF-KF hybrid filtering algorithm suitable for initial alignment of SINS static base with large azimuth misalignment angles,in response to the problem of high computational complexity and low computational efficiency of the initial alignment UKF algorithm.The nonlinear error model is decomposed into linear and nonlinear parts,and KF filtering is used to process the linear part.Since the measurement equation of the nonlinear part is linear,the updated part of the measurement can be linearized and processed by using the simplified unscented Kalman filtering method.The simulation results show that:1) The convergence speed of the SUKF-KF algorithm is increased by 14% and 16% respectively compared with the UKF algorithm under two large azimuth misalignment angles,and the convergence accuracy is comparable to that of the UKF;and 2) The SUKF-KF algorithm can effectively reduce computational complexity and improve real-time performance..
Electronics Optics & Control
- Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2024
- Vol. 31, Issue 10, 10 (2024)
Dual-Mode Object Tracking Algorithm Based on Polarized Attention
QUAN Jiarui, HE Lesheng, YU Shengtao, LIAO Wei, and YIN Heng
Visual object tracking based on visible images becomes less reliable in rainy,foggy weather and the scene with changing lighting conditions.In contrast,infrared images can provide clear imaging in such circumstances by capturing the heat source information of the object.Therefore,by leveraging the complementary advantaVisual object tracking based on visible images becomes less reliable in rainy,foggy weather and the scene with changing lighting conditions.In contrast,infrared images can provide clear imaging in such circumstances by capturing the heat source information of the object.Therefore,by leveraging the complementary advantages of infrared and visible images,robust tracking can be achieved in complex scenes. This article utilizes a multi-scale feature extraction structure in the feature extraction layer to obtain the features of the target in different scale receptive domains,and enhances the feature selection ability through adaptive weight allocation.The polarized attention mechanism is used to enhance the features,thereby achieving effective fusion of dual-mode information for robust tracking.The proposed algorithm is experimentally validated on large infrared and visible light datasets GTOT and RGBT234,with accuracy and success rates of 90.05%,72.7% and 78.7%,55.5%,respectively.The experimental results show that compared with current mainstream algorithms,the algorithm proposed has higher tracking accuracy and success rate..
Electronics Optics & Control
- Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2024
- Vol. 31, Issue 10, 15 (2024)
Research on Memory Repair Tracking Algorithm with Adaptive Game Fusion
XING Leigang, REN Hongge, and SHI Tao
Aiming at the challenging attributes such as target occlusion and transient disappearance in tracking tasks,a feature game fusion target tracking algorithm combined with memory repair mechanism is proposed.Firstly,under the framework of kernel correlation filter,the FHOG features and SURF features of the target are extAiming at the challenging attributes such as target occlusion and transient disappearance in tracking tasks,a feature game fusion target tracking algorithm combined with memory repair mechanism is proposed.Firstly,under the framework of kernel correlation filter,the FHOG features and SURF features of the target are extracted for channel series,and the Conv4-1 layer depth features extracted by ResNet-50 are fused by adaptive game to jointly construct the target appearance model to avoid the feature singularity of the tracking algorithm.Then,the model update strategy is improved to memorize,recall and repair the feature information through the memory repair neurons and the memory matrix,and the feature loss repair work of the occluded or drifting video frames is completed.The repaired feature template is used to correctly update the kernel correlation filter to improve the recognition of the tracking object.Finally,the proposed algorithm is compared with KCF,DCF_CA,SAMF,M2C2F and EMCF algorithms on OTB100,TC128 and UAV123 experimental benchmark datasets.The experimental results show that the tracking accuracy and robustness of the improved algorithm are improved..
Electronics Optics & Control
- Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2024
- Vol. 31, Issue 10, 21 (2024)
Application of Deep Reinforcement Learning in Path Planning of UAV Formation
ZHOU Conghang, LI Jianxing, SHI Yujing, LIN Zhirui, and LIN Hanghang
Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL),the path planning of UAV formation is studied.Aiming at the shortcomings of slow convergence speed and sparse rewards of reinforcement learning algorithm models in the formation control problem,artificial potential field method is introduced into the deep reinforcement learningBased on Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL),the path planning of UAV formation is studied.Aiming at the shortcomings of slow convergence speed and sparse rewards of reinforcement learning algorithm models in the formation control problem,artificial potential field method is introduced into the deep reinforcement learning,and the UAV formation path planning network training framework is established.Meanwhile,according to the formation control goal,the formation switching reward function is designed for training.Based on AirSim and UE4 simulator,a UAV reinforcement learning formation path planning simulation training environment is built to realize the UAV formation path planning control in the threatened environment.Through comparative experiments,it is verified that the proposed algorithm has superior performance and faster convergence speed in terms of formation stability and collision rate compared with the baseline algorithm..
Electronics Optics & Control
- Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2024
- Vol. 31, Issue 10, 27 (2024)
A Novel Gain Control Strategy for Unknown Multi-agent Systems
YAN Feiyun, LIU Ye, and XU Dongmei
adaptive control scheme based on a new time-varying gain is proposed for the stability problem of a class of multi-agent systems with unknown states and hysteresis input.The scheme includes the construction of a novel high-gain observer,the integration of all unknown terms and the unified processing of them in the diffadaptive control scheme based on a new time-varying gain is proposed for the stability problem of a class of multi-agent systems with unknown states and hysteresis input.The scheme includes the construction of a novel high-gain observer,the integration of all unknown terms and the unified processing of them in the differential control section,and the adjustment of compensation parameters in the time-varying gain signal to achieve input waveform denoising and upper-lower limitation constraint.By applying this control scheme,consistent stability of the system can be achieved,and the computational burden in the differential control section can be effectively reduced.Moreover,adjusting the compensation parameters within the allowable range of the system frequency response can achieve input denoising and upper-lower limitation constraint.Simulation results show that the proposed method successfully achieves the optimization of the input waveform upper-lower limitation constraint and denoising while reducing the computational burden in the differential control section,thus improving the systems robustness and adaptability..
Electronics Optics & Control
- Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2024
- Vol. 31, Issue 10, 34 (2024)
An Image Registration Algorithm Based on Improved Multi-scale ORB
SHANG Mingshu, and WANG Kechao
existing multi-scale ORB algorithms having low accuracy and long operation time,an improved algorithm is proposed.Firstly,a multi-scale space is established by down sampling and filtering to extract ORB feature points,the nearest neighbor method is used to match feature points,and the significance of feature points is existing multi-scale ORB algorithms having low accuracy and long operation time,an improved algorithm is proposed.Firstly,a multi-scale space is established by down sampling and filtering to extract ORB feature points,the nearest neighbor method is used to match feature points,and the significance of feature points is introduced into cosine similarity to screen matching points by using the similarity of gray distribution in the neighborhood of matching points.Combined with the local entropy of the image,the K-means algorithm is improved,and the initial class center point is detected only in the area with dense feature points,so that the feature points can be classified more reasonably according to the image.Then,the improved PROSAC algorithm is used to calculate the transformation matrix between images,which further reduces the computational complexity while ensuring the accuracy of the transformation matrix.Finally,the performance of the algorithm is verified by two groups of experiments..
Electronics Optics & Control
- Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2024
- Vol. 31, Issue 10, 42 (2024)
High Dynamic Moving Horizon Autonomous Attitude Estimation Based on Dual-Loop Structure
HUANG Jingli, ZHAO Yuliang, WU Jinwen, and FAN Weijie
In order to solve the problem of online interference and poor real-time performance of autonomous attitude estimation based on gyroscope/three-axis magnetometer,a high dynamic moving horizon autonomous attitude estimation method for aircraft based on dual-loop structure is proposed to improve system accuracy and anti-iIn order to solve the problem of online interference and poor real-time performance of autonomous attitude estimation based on gyroscope/three-axis magnetometer,a high dynamic moving horizon autonomous attitude estimation method for aircraft based on dual-loop structure is proposed to improve system accuracy and anti-interference ability while meeting high dynamic application scenarios.Firstly,two independent units:attitude estimation system and three-axis magnetometer online calibration are established,and by constructing a residual set,the two are organically integrated,so that each filter has different update frequencies and lower state orders.Then,based on the sensitivity matrix,a high dynamic moving horizon estimation method is constructed by using the asynchronous characteristics of the gyroscope and the three-axis magnetometer to further optimize the real-time performance of the system.Finally,simulation experiments show that the proposed method improves the online operation accuracy of the system,reduces computational waiting time,and meets the requirements of high dynamic and high-precision carrier application scenarios..
Electronics Optics & Control
- Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2024
- Vol. 31, Issue 10, 47 (2024)
Application and Development Trend of Information Fusion for Battlefield Situation Awareness
HUANG Jun, FANG Xueli, and WENG Shiqian
Driven by the demand of information-based warfare and the rapid development of computer technology and network communication technology,information fusion has achieved great development and has been widely used in the field of battlefield situation awareness.This paper introduces the recent developments in information Driven by the demand of information-based warfare and the rapid development of computer technology and network communication technology,information fusion has achieved great development and has been widely used in the field of battlefield situation awareness.This paper introduces the recent developments in information fusion technology and the applications of information fusion technology in the field of battlefield situation awareness,and also analyzes the development trend of information fusion technology in the field of battlefield situation awareness,and emphatically discusses the future research directions of information deep fusion processing,distributed collaborative situation awareness,and artificial intelligence based fusion processing..
Electronics Optics & Control
- Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2024
- Vol. 31, Issue 10, 52 (2024)
Suppression of Carrier Air Wake with MAGIC CARPET Carrier Landing
WANG Jie, HAN Wei, YIN Dawei, PAN Zishuang, and LI Changjiu
The carrier air wake suppression method of MAGIC CARPET landing is studied,two control modes of MAGIC CARPET landing (FPAH control mode and DP control mode) are analyzed,as well as two control modes of conventional landing (attitude control mode and Hdot control mode).Referring to the MAGIC CARPET flight test,a glide lThe carrier air wake suppression method of MAGIC CARPET landing is studied,two control modes of MAGIC CARPET landing (FPAH control mode and DP control mode) are analyzed,as well as two control modes of conventional landing (attitude control mode and Hdot control mode).Referring to the MAGIC CARPET flight test,a glide landing experiment is carried out to assess the suppression of carrier air wake across the four control modes when the stick is released.The internal mechanism of the experimental phenomenon is analyzed from the signal flow diagram and time domain.Finally,the hierarchy of the carrier air wake suppression ability is obtained..
Electronics Optics & Control
- Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2024
- Vol. 31, Issue 10, 58 (2024)
On the Effect of Disturbances in Radar Guidance Automatic Carrier Landing
ZHEN Chong, QU Xiaolei, WANG Yifeng, and HAN Fengming
According to the typical scene of automatic landing and the parameters of landing guidance radar,the causes of measurement errors,error types and error magnitude of radar guidance positioning are analyzed in detail.The calculated accuracy of radar positioning is consistent with the performance of the published AN/SPN-4According to the typical scene of automatic landing and the parameters of landing guidance radar,the causes of measurement errors,error types and error magnitude of radar guidance positioning are analyzed in detail.The calculated accuracy of radar positioning is consistent with the performance of the published AN/SPN-42 radar.The architecture of Automatic Carrier Landing System(ACLS) is designed and the simulation of the system based on F/A-18A aircraft is constructed.The disturbance factors of radar guidance error,automatic landing system delay,carrier air wake,deck motion and airborne sensor noise are introduced.The touchdown point standard errors are calculated by numerical experiment to illustrated the landing performance.and the influence of disturbance factors on landing results is quantitatively described by regression analysis.The results show that the amplitude of deck motion has the most significant effect on the standard deviation of touchdown point..
Electronics Optics & Control
- Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2024
- Vol. 31, Issue 10, 64 (2024)
Open Architecture Model for the Airborne Store Management System
ZHAO Zhibin, LI Wei, GUO Wenli, and CHEN Shaodong
Aiming at the problem of insufficient universality and interoperability of products in the field of airborne store management,an open architecture model for airborne Store Management System (SMS) is proposed by analyzing and referring to relevant open architecture models in the field of avionics.The functional layer,haAiming at the problem of insufficient universality and interoperability of products in the field of airborne store management,an open architecture model for airborne Store Management System (SMS) is proposed by analyzing and referring to relevant open architecture models in the field of avionics.The functional layer,hardware architecture,software architecture,functional entities,interface design and other elements related to the open architecture model are presented,as well as their design requirements.Analysis is made on the interoperability effects of three levels that can be achieved by implementing an open architecture model,providing top-level architecture support for the development of portable,reconfigurable, and multi-level interoperability airborne store management system..
Electronics Optics & Control
- Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2024
- Vol. 31, Issue 10, 71 (2024)
A Diagnosability Evaluation Method Based on Wasserstein Metric Considering Effect of Noise
LYU Jiapeng, SHI Xianjun, GAO Chao, and ZHAO Chaolun
To address the problems of insufficient differentiation in diagnosability evaluation and the difficulty in interpreting the evaluation results,a quantitative diagnosability evaluation method based on Wasserstein metric is proposed.The method is based on the measured signals from the measurement points of the system in To address the problems of insufficient differentiation in diagnosability evaluation and the difficulty in interpreting the evaluation results,a quantitative diagnosability evaluation method based on Wasserstein metric is proposed.The method is based on the measured signals from the measurement points of the system in different states,regards the signals as random variables and uses the 2-Wasserstein metric as a measure of the degree of similarity between the variables to achieve the evaluation of the diagnosability of the system.And an alysis is made on the impact of the measured signals on the results of the diagnosability evaluation.The method proposed is validated by using a double bandpass filter circuit,and the results show that compared with the diagnostic evaluation method based on K-L divergence and D matrix,the method in this paper is more objective and scientific in evaluating fault diagnosability..
Electronics Optics & Control
- Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2024
- Vol. 31, Issue 10, 76 (2024)
A Lightweight Small Object Detection Method Combining Non-strided Convolution and Contextual Information
XU Qiang, XU Sheng, GUO Tailiang, SHI Kai, LAN Weichen, and GAO Hehuan
In response to the challenges of missing detection and false detection in small object detection,an improved lightweight small object detection algorithm NSCOT-YOLO is proposed.Firstly,a feature extraction module NSC-MFFM is designed,which uses non-strided convolution for feature extraction and multi-branch for featureIn response to the challenges of missing detection and false detection in small object detection,an improved lightweight small object detection algorithm NSCOT-YOLO is proposed.Firstly,a feature extraction module NSC-MFFM is designed,which uses non-strided convolution for feature extraction and multi-branch for feature fusion,to effectively avoid the important feature information of small object being ignored and improve the detection accuracy of the model,Experiments are conducted to determine optimal placement of the module.Then,a shallower detection branch and detection layer are added,while the deepest detection branch is removed,The C-Cot module,which incorporates rich contextual information and shared weights,is employed to replace the detection layer of YOLOv8s,so as to better separate small-scale object from noise background.Finally,a lightweight and efficient GhostConv module is introduced,leading to a significant reduction in the models parameter count without significant decrease in accuracy.The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on the published VisDrone2019-DET dataset.The experimental results show that the mAP@0.5 and mAP@0.5∶0.95 of NSCOT-YOLO algorithm is 38.3% and 22.0%,which is 5.5 and 3.2 percentage points higher than that of YOLOv8s algorithm,and the model parameters count are 6.8×106,which is 39% lower than that of YOLOv8s algorithm.It can be seen that the proposed algorithm significantly improves detection accuracy for small objects while ensuring the lightweight of the model..
Electronics Optics & Control
- Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2024
- Vol. 31, Issue 10, 83 (2024)
A Fault Observer Design Method for Nonlinear Discrete Systems with Disturbance
SUN Yanxiu, and LI Hong
A novel fault observer design method is proposed for a class of nonlinear discrete systems with disturbances,sensor faults,and actuator faults.This method considers both the type of faults and the convergence rate of fault estimation errors,making the fault estimation method more applicable.Firstly,an augmented vector A novel fault observer design method is proposed for a class of nonlinear discrete systems with disturbances,sensor faults,and actuator faults.This method considers both the type of faults and the convergence rate of fault estimation errors,making the fault estimation method more applicable.Firstly,an augmented vector containing system states and sensor faults is constructed to obtain an equivalent generalized system.Secondly, considering the actuator faults in the system and the speed of fault estimation,a fault observer is constructed that includes system state,actuator faults,and sensor faults,and the sufficient conditions for the existence of the fault observer are given.Finally,a nonlinear discrete system model such as the longitudinal movement system of an aircraft is used to estimate the augmented state vector robustly,and the fault estimation results verify the superiority of the proposed method..
Electronics Optics & Control
- Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2024
- Vol. 31, Issue 10, 91 (2024)
Composite Control of Airborne Photoelectric Stabilized Platform Based on Improved Fractional-Order Active Disturbance Rejection
CUI Zhixin, HUANG Qing, and WANG Huachao
irborne optoelectronic stabilized platform has interferences from friction,mass imbalance, motion coupling and airborne environment,which seriously limits the improvement of its stability accuracy.Fractional-order control performs well in the dynamic response and disturbance rejection ability of the system,but it stillirborne optoelectronic stabilized platform has interferences from friction,mass imbalance, motion coupling and airborne environment,which seriously limits the improvement of its stability accuracy.Fractional-order control performs well in the dynamic response and disturbance rejection ability of the system,but it still cannot meet the requirements of high precision and stability under complex disturbances.In order to further improve the boresight stability accuracy of the airborne photoelectric stabilized platform,an improved fractional-order ADRC composite control strategy is designed by combining the fractional-order controller with the ADRC,and taking advantage of the disturbance observation ability of the ADRC and the good dynamic characteristics and strong robustness of fractional-order control.The simulation results and physical experiments verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the improved fractional active disturbance rejection composite control strategy.Compared with the traditional PID control method,the boresight stability accuracy and disturbance isolation degree are greatly improved..
Electronics Optics & Control
- Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2024
- Vol. 31, Issue 10, 96 (2024)
Stray Light Removing of Optical System of Infrared Imaging Seeker
YANG Peibin, XU Ruirui, JIN Chen, and ZHAO Yongku
light exists in the optical system of reflective infrared imaging seeker.Firstly,the light leakage and stray light of the seeker system is analyzed,and the design of shade of the seeker system is completed.The system shading ratio is 0.476.Then,the secondary reflection ghost image is analyzed,and it is found that the glight exists in the optical system of reflective infrared imaging seeker.Firstly,the light leakage and stray light of the seeker system is analyzed,and the design of shade of the seeker system is completed.The system shading ratio is 0.476.Then,the secondary reflection ghost image is analyzed,and it is found that the ghost image energy introduced by the front and rear surfaces of the first lens in the rear mirror group is stronger.It is proposed that the reflectivity of the lens surface must be increased to reduce the ghost image energy,and the absorption rate of the outer mirror tube should reach 0.9 to reduce the influence of the stray light scattered by the structural part on the imaging.Finally,the ray simulation tracking software ASAP is used for simulation,and the stray light coefficient of the system is 5.8%,which proves the feasibility of the design and ensures the imaging quality of the seeker optical system..
Electronics Optics & Control
- Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2024
- Vol. 31, Issue 10, 102 (2024)
Judgment of Illuminated Target in Laser Scattering Warning
ZHANG Qipeng, GE Qidong, YANG Yu, QIAN Sumin, and QI Tongshuai
Detecting laser scattering signals is a commonly used laser warning method,which cannot determine different illuminated targets within the warning range.In order to realize the judgment of different illuminated targets in laser scattering warning,the warning response of each window of the warning device is studied whenDetecting laser scattering signals is a commonly used laser warning method,which cannot determine different illuminated targets within the warning range.In order to realize the judgment of different illuminated targets in laser scattering warning,the warning response of each window of the warning device is studied when the laser irradiates the target from various directions.The degree of difference in the warning results caused by different target positions is analyzed.A method for judging the illuminated targets is proposed by using the alarm encoding and pulse timing of the warning results in each window of the warning device.The research results indicate that this method can distinguish two targets with a relative angle of no less than 72° to the warning device and a distance of 50 m from the warning device,and can identify five targets that meet the specified requirements within 360°.The research results provide a technical reference for enhancing the warning capability of scattering detection laser warning device and improving the pertinence and efficiency of subsequent protection..
Electronics Optics & Control
- Publication Date: Oct. 23, 2024
- Vol. 31, Issue 10, 106 (2024)