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2024
Volume: 42 Issue 2
13 Article(s)
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Research Articles
Progress on radiation-induced mutation breeding of rice in China
Jianing DING, and Libin ZHOU
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) holds significant importance as a staple food crop, and its continual improvement plays a crucial role in sustainable advancement of agriculture and food security in China. Radiation mutagenesis technology offers an effective approach for breeding high-yield, superior-quality, and stress-resistanRice (Oryza sativa L.) holds significant importance as a staple food crop, and its continual improvement plays a crucial role in sustainable advancement of agriculture and food security in China. Radiation mutagenesis technology offers an effective approach for breeding high-yield, superior-quality, and stress-resistant rice varieties, thereby contributing positively to the independent innovation of China's seed industry. This study provides a comprehensive review on the progress and notable achievements made in the field of radiation-induced mutation breeding of rice in China over the past two decades. It encompasses various aspects, including the application of various types of radiation sources for radiation mutagenesis in rice, establishment of reliable screening methods, progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying radiation-induced mutation, particularly through genomic variation studies. Additionally, the study highlights the development of a rice mutant bank comprising diverse phenotypes such as yield, resistance, and quality, along with the identification of related gene mutations. Furthermore, it discusses the creation of new varieties through radiation mutagenesis. Looking ahead, this technology will further contribute to the cultivation of higher yielding rice varieties adaptable to different environments and possess superior quality, while also creating new germplasms for gene function research in China..
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing
- Publication Date: Apr. 20, 2024
- Vol. 42, Issue 2, 020101 (2024)
Evolution of free radicals in ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene irradiated by an electron beam during accelerated aging process
Jing WANG, Manli LU, Rongfang SHEN, Mouhua WANG, Zhijie HU, and Wenli ZHANG
Irradiated medical ultra-high molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) must be validated through accelerated aging tests to meet the requirements for implantation into the human body. However, the free radical evolution mechanism of UHMWPE during accelerated aging remains obscure. We systematically analyzed the effectiveIrradiated medical ultra-high molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) must be validated through accelerated aging tests to meet the requirements for implantation into the human body. However, the free radical evolution mechanism of UHMWPE during accelerated aging remains obscure. We systematically analyzed the effectiveness of existing accelerated aging methods from the perspective of free radicals. The changes in the concentration and composition of the free radicals present in electron-beam-irradiated crosslinked UHMWPE during accelerated aging were evaluated using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The evolution mechanisms of the free radicals during this process were analyzed; in addition, the mechanisms occurring in room-temperature air and under a 70 ℃ nitrogen atmosphere were analyzed and compared. The results revealed that accelerated aging evaluation methods had significant limitations. The evolution mechanism of the free radicals present on the surface of irradiated crosslinked UHMWPE as well as inside it in room-temperature air were significantly different from that observed in the accelerated aging environment. In addition, the generation rate and oxidation degree of the oxygen-induced free radicals in the two environments are different..
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing
- Publication Date: Apr. 20, 2024
- Vol. 42, Issue 2, 020201 (2024)
Preparation of amidoxime-based adsorption materials with a multi-amino synergistic effect and their uranium adsorption performance
Wanning REN, Xinxin FENG, Hongwei HAN, Jiangtao HU, and Guozhong WU
Uranyl ions in seawater are prone to complexing with organic matter, forming stable compounds that can impact the adsorption performance of uranium adsorption materials. Herein, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomers were introduced onto the surface of the polypropylene/polyethylene nonwoven (PP/PE SNW) substract using rUranyl ions in seawater are prone to complexing with organic matter, forming stable compounds that can impact the adsorption performance of uranium adsorption materials. Herein, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomers were introduced onto the surface of the polypropylene/polyethylene nonwoven (PP/PE SNW) substract using radiation-induced graft polymerization (RIGP). Thereafter, three different polyamines, namely, triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), and pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA), were utilized to a ring-opening reaction, introducing the amine group into the substrate. This was followed by an addition reaction with acrylonitrile and an amidoxime reaction to produce the straight-chain-structured AO-based adsorbents, termed P-TETA-AO, P-TEPA-AO, and P-PEHA-AO. Subsequently, structural characterization, adsorption performance investigation, and adsorption mechanism analysis were performed. The experimental results confirm that three different functional polymer chains with varying chain lengths were successfully modified on the substrate surface and that the target amidoxime-based adsorption material was successfully prepared. The adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption isotherm was well described by the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacities of P-TETA-AO, P-TEPA-AO, and P-PEHA-AO for uranium were 66.1 mg/g, 63.22 mg/g, and 65.62 mg/g, respectively, within 24 h and exhibited adequate adsorption performance in the pH range of 5~9. The adsorption-desorption experiments indicated good regenerability, with only a 6% decrease in the uranium adsorption rate after five cycles, and a desorption ratio that was consistently above 95%. In the simulated seawater adsorption experiment, the uranium removal rates for P-TETA-AO, P-TEPA-AO, and P-PEHA-AO were found to be 72.94%, 79.97%, and 87.78%, respectively, indicating that the adsorption performance improved with the growth of the grafting chain in a highly saline, multi-competitive ion environment. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that during uranium adsorption, the amino and amidoxime groups of all three adsorption materials participate in the coordination with uranyl ions, demonstrating a synergistic effect..
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing
- Publication Date: Apr. 20, 2024
- Vol. 42, Issue 2, 020202 (2024)
Morphology and elemental behavior of borosilicate glass after γ-irradiation and corrosion
Shutong NIU, Xianglong WANG, Yongsheng LING, Qing SHAN, Chao SHI, Wenbao JIA, and Jiandong ZHANG
Borosilicate glass is currently the best comprehensive solidified material for deep disposal of high-level radioactive waste. The stability of borosilicate glass under irradiation is an important factor affecting the leakage of radioactive isotopes into the biosphere. In this study, three-component borosilicate glass (Borosilicate glass is currently the best comprehensive solidified material for deep disposal of high-level radioactive waste. The stability of borosilicate glass under irradiation is an important factor affecting the leakage of radioactive isotopes into the biosphere. In this study, three-component borosilicate glass (NBS) was irradiated by γ-rays at doses of 8 kGy and 800 kGy, respectively. The leaching behaviors of the irradiated samples at different absorbed doses were studied. The surface morphologies of the samples were analyzed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The distributions of elements were analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and the elements in solution were characterized using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results indicate that the irradiation effects on the leaching behavior of borosilicate glass occurs at certain thresholds. When the corrosion time is prolonged, the corrosion effect gradually covers the irradiation effect of the glass. Compared with 8 kGy irradiation, NBS glass samples exhibit more significant changes in elemental behavior under 800 kGy irradiation. After high-dose irradiation, the effect of corrosion on surface morphology is more significant than at low doses, and the element leaching rate of NBS glass is higher after 7 days of corrosion..
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing
- Publication Date: Apr. 20, 2024
- Vol. 42, Issue 2, 020203 (2024)
Synthesis of polyacrylamide-based aerosol fixative and its fixation effect on tellurium aerosol
Mengqing XIAO, Jie ZHAN, Jiawen LI, Xingdong SU, Feng LIU, Yutuo WANG, Changwen CHEN, Yuanlin ZHOU, and Yintao LI
The removal control of radioactive aerosols in a nuclear emergency is an important issue, and capture fixation is a parameter for studying the purification effect of aerosol fixatives on aerosols. Herein, PAM-g-PAA, PAM-g-PHEA, and PAM-g-PAA/PHEA were obtained by chemical grafting with polyacrylamide as the substrate, The removal control of radioactive aerosols in a nuclear emergency is an important issue, and capture fixation is a parameter for studying the purification effect of aerosol fixatives on aerosols. Herein, PAM-g-PAA, PAM-g-PHEA, and PAM-g-PAA/PHEA were obtained by chemical grafting with polyacrylamide as the substrate, acrylic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate as grafting monomers. The grafting product was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and the grafting rate was calculated. The microstructure of different products were compared and discussed by scanning electron microscope images of freeze-drying and film formation. The capture and sedimentation effects of tellurium (simulated polonium) aerosol were studied by surface tension and fixed sedimentation experiments (PAM, PAM-g-PAA, PAM-g-PHEA, PAM-g-PAA/PHEA aqueous solution), and the mechanism of aerosol fixation was discussed. The results showed that the surface tension of the grafted product was significantly lower than that of the substrate PAM. Among them, the aerosol fixing agent PAM-g-PHEA grafted with HEA modified polyacrylamide can more effectively capture and fix tellurium aerosol particles, and its fixed sedimentation efficiency is 94.34%, which provides a research idea for the purification of polonium radioactive aerosol by atomization fixation method..
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing
- Publication Date: Apr. 20, 2024
- Vol. 42, Issue 2, 020204 (2024)
Autophagy regulates ionizing radiation-induced primary ciliogenesis in glioblastoma cells
Liangliang JIN, Feifei YU, Tongshan ZHANG, Jinpeng HE, and Yanli YANG
The role of autophagy in ionizing radiation (IR)-induced primary ciliogenesis in glioblastoma cells was explored. M059K and M059J cells underwent treatment with either 10 Gy of X-rays or serum starvation (SS) for three days. Subsequently, the primary cilia were examined through immunofluorescence staining targeting cilThe role of autophagy in ionizing radiation (IR)-induced primary ciliogenesis in glioblastoma cells was explored. M059K and M059J cells underwent treatment with either 10 Gy of X-rays or serum starvation (SS) for three days. Subsequently, the primary cilia were examined through immunofluorescence staining targeting ciliary markers Arl13b and γ-tubulin. Cellular autophagy levels were estimated by immunofluorescence staining for the autophagy marker LC3 and immunoblotting analysis of p62. To assess primary ciliogenesis, M059K and M059J cells were treated with chloroquine (CQ) or rapamycin (RAPA), which respectively suppressed or activated cellular autophagy. The findings revealed that in M059K, the proportion of ciliated cells was approximately 40%, and this proportion increased to over 75% on day 3 post-irradiation in cells treated with 10 Gy of X-rays (p<0.01). However, the frequency of primary cilia in M059J cells (~7%) showed no obvious changes before and after X-ray irradiation. Interestingly, the proportion of ciliated cells boosted to approximately 80% (p<0.01) and 50% (p<0.01) in M059K and M059J cells starved for 3 d, respectively. Serum starvation (SS) elevated cellular autophagy levels in both cell lines, whereas X-ray irradiation enhanced autophagy levels only in M059K but not in M059J cells. Moreover, activation of autophagy using RAPA facilitated ciliogenesis in both cell lines, while the suppression of autophagy with CQ mitigated IR-induced cilia formation in M059K and SS-induced cilia formation in M059J cells. In summary, these results demonstrate that different cellular autophagy responses to IR in M059K and M059J cells participated in primary ciliogenesis elicited by IR exposure..
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing
- Publication Date: Apr. 20, 2024
- Vol. 42, Issue 2, 020301 (2024)
Monte Carlo simulation of errors in gantry angle and multi-leaf collimators on intensity modulated arc therapy radiation dose
Ruohui ZHANG, Yulan GAO, Wenwen BAI, Huipeng MENG, Keqiang WANG, and Zifeng CHI
This study aimed to investigate the impact of conventional linear accelerator errors in the gantry angle and multi-leaf collimators (MLCs) on the intensity-modulated arc therapy (IMAT) radiation dose for brain tumors. Seven typical planning datasets of patients with brain tumors were randomly selected and retreated usiThis study aimed to investigate the impact of conventional linear accelerator errors in the gantry angle and multi-leaf collimators (MLCs) on the intensity-modulated arc therapy (IMAT) radiation dose for brain tumors. Seven typical planning datasets of patients with brain tumors were randomly selected and retreated using the IMAT conventional linear accelerator Varian 23EX. Random and system errors were introduced to modify these plans while maintaining the remaining treatment information. The dose-volume parameters of the target and critical organs were compared and analyzed. The results showed that for random single-sided MLCs errors, if a group of errors was moved outward by 2 mm, the planning target volume (PTV)-Dmean increased by approximately 2.7%. If one side of the MLCs expanded outward with MLC-1, MLC-2, and MLC-rnd, the mean deviations of PTV-Dmean were 1.12%, 2.15%, and 1.15%, respectively, and the Dmean deviations of the lenses were 5.25%, 9.97%, and 5.49%, respectively. The maximum deviation of PTV-Dmean because of the deviation of two sets of leaves caused by system errors (±2 mm) was 0.8%, and maximum dose and Dmean of the lens and brainstem increased by 11.4%, 15.8% and 1.99%, 1.07%, respectively. By introducing a gantry angle error, the maximum doses of PTV-Dmin and-Dmean reduced by 2.75% and 0.35%, respectively. An incorrect gantry position results in significant changes in the dosimetric deviation of the OAR dose-volume histogram, especially for the lens. Note that the maximum and mean dose deviations of a patient’s lens if the gantry deviation (–2°) were 16.9% and 38.5% higher than those of the reference plan, respectively. The dose deviation caused by random errors of the MLCs leaves was influenced by the actual size of the random displacement errors of the leaves and weight of the beam subfield at a specific arc segment. The maximum dose deviation occurs if MLCs move to the maximum simulation error (±2 mm). The gantry rotation error had no significant impact on the target area PTV dose distribution; however, it had a significant dose deviation for the OAR..
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing
- Publication Date: Apr. 20, 2024
- Vol. 42, Issue 2, 020302 (2024)
Molecular characteristics of rice chimeras containing gene mutations induced by carbon ion beam radiation
Siwei LYU, Li ZHANG, Yiyan ZHANG, Yuanhai ZHANG, Xuanming PENG, and Zhen YANG
Chimeras are universal phenomena in the M1-generation plants obtained following radiation-induced mutagenesis; however, the mutational effects and variant inheritance mechanisms of related rice chimeras have yet to be sufficiently clarified. In this study, we used target capture-seq technology to obtain OsNramp5 mutantChimeras are universal phenomena in the M1-generation plants obtained following radiation-induced mutagenesis; however, the mutational effects and variant inheritance mechanisms of related rice chimeras have yet to be sufficiently clarified. In this study, we used target capture-seq technology to obtain OsNramp5 mutant chimeras via carbon ion beam irradiation, and used a 10 kb liquid chip to determine the SNP/InDel mutational occurrence and genetic isolation characteristics of the chimeric M1 generation and mutational M2 genomes. The results revealed that the mutation detected in the OsNramp5 gene of M1 chimeric rice was not inherited by the M2 generation; that is, the mutation detected in somatic cells of the M1 population was not passed to the subsequent generation via the germ cells. In addition, conversion was established to be twice as common as transversion among the M1 genomic mutation types, although more than half of the variant sites were inherited by the M2 generation. However, these sites were rarely located within the functional coding regions of genes. Our findings in this study revealed the genomic variation characteristics of somatic M1-generation chimeras induced by carbon ion beam irradiation and their genetic characteristics in the M2 generation. These findings will provide a reference for further studies that seek to elucidate the mechanisms underlying chimeric mutation effects and for selecting appropriate procedures for mutagenesis breeding following carbon ion beam irradiation..
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing
- Publication Date: Apr. 20, 2024
- Vol. 42, Issue 2, 020401 (2024)
Effects of 60Co γ-ray and electron-beam irradiation on the color of dried chili products
Qiling ZHANG, Yuanfang XU, Yiji ZHOU, Jingchao YI, Feng GUO, Yong ZHANG, Chao DENG, Tao LIU, and Wenge LI
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of 60Co γ-radiation and electron-beam irradiation on the color of dried chili products through comparative analysis of the color difference, non-enzymatic browning index, color value, and R/Y value. The experiment included different doses (0, 3, 7, and 16 kGy) and difThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of 60Co γ-radiation and electron-beam irradiation on the color of dried chili products through comparative analysis of the color difference, non-enzymatic browning index, color value, and R/Y value. The experiment included different doses (0, 3, 7, and 16 kGy) and different storage times (0 and 30 d). The results revealed that when no storage time elapsed (0 d), the a* value decreased by 13% in the dried chili samples treated with a 60Co γ-ray dose of 16 kGy; the non-enzymatic browning value increased by 12%, and the R/Y value decreased by 16%. Moreover, the a*, b*, and L* values of the samples treated with electron beams at 7 kGy were significantly lower than those treated with 60Co γ-rays. Furthermore, increasing the dosage of either the 60Co γ-rays or electron beam resulted in large color differences and small non-enzymatic browning values for the chili powder samples stored for 0 d. Notably, at a dose of 16 kGy, ΔE* of the chili powder treated with 60Co γ-rays was higher than that of the powder subjected to electron-beam treatment. By contrast, the non-enzymatic browning value of the 60Co γ-ray-treated sample was significantly lower than that of the electron-beam-treated sample. After 30 d of storage, ΔE* of the chili powder samples treated with a 7 kGy dose of either 60Co γ-rays or electron beam was significantly higher than that recorded for the other dosage groups. Further, ΔE* was the highest for the samples treated with a 7 kGy dose of 60Co γ-rays. In conclusion, the impact of electron beams on the color of the dried chili products was less than that of the 60Co γ-rays. Furthermore, the effect of irradiation on the color of the chili powder was stronger than that on the color of the dried chilis..
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing
- Publication Date: Apr. 20, 2024
- Vol. 42, Issue 2, 020402 (2024)
Crosstalk interference and correction methods for low background gas-flow proportional counter
Meili LI, Lianjing QIN, Lan JIANG, Xiaomin GUO, and Guiyuan LIANG
The crosstalk phenomenon and its influence in the determination of gross α and β radioactivity when using a low background gas-flow proportional counter as a measuring instrument was examined in this paper. The crosstalk ratio between α and β channel was measured by using a series of α, β metal planar sources, powder sThe crosstalk phenomenon and its influence in the determination of gross α and β radioactivity when using a low background gas-flow proportional counter as a measuring instrument was examined in this paper. The crosstalk ratio between α and β channel was measured by using a series of α, β metal planar sources, powder sources, and thin-layer surface sources. The β-to-α crosstalk ratio of 90Sr-90Y metal planar sources and powder sources containing 14C, 137Cs, 90Sr-90Y, or 40K is less than 0.1%, which can be negligible. The crosstalk ratios of α metal planar source in ascending order are 210Po, 209Po, 239Pu, 239Pu-241Am mixed source, and 241Am, which range from 3.49% to 25.4%. The crosstalk ratio of 241Am is significantly higher than those of other sources. Furthermore, 241Am powder sources' crosstalk ratio increases with mass thickness. The crosstalk of α particles to β channel is obvious and related to the sample source preparation method. This is mainly due to the difference in self-absorption due to different source preparation methods. Overall, the crosstalk ratio of α powder sources is larger than thin-layer surface sources and metal planar sources. The interference of α-to-β crosstalk should be considered. By covering the sample sources with aluminum foil or paper with a certain thickness, the crosstalk interference of α-to-β can be reduced effectively. Additionally, it is an effective way to directly correct the count rate by the crosstalk ratio. In this case, it is necessary to consider the consistency of the sample source to be measured and the crosstalk ratio scale source, as any discrepancies can lead to a significant deviation in the corrected result..
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing
- Publication Date: Apr. 20, 2024
- Vol. 42, Issue 2, 020701 (2024)
Research on numerical prediction technology for nuclear pollution dispersion based on hybrid single particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory (HYSPLIT) model
Guangjie WANG, Hong SHEN, Juan LI, Weiren LAN, and Weibiao GUAN
Due to the lack of research on prediction technology for atmospheric diffusion of nuclear pollution in China, this study used the hybrid single particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory (HYSPLIT) model to perform numerical prediction tests of nuclear pollution. Analyzing the European tracer test and conducting simulatiDue to the lack of research on prediction technology for atmospheric diffusion of nuclear pollution in China, this study used the hybrid single particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory (HYSPLIT) model to perform numerical prediction tests of nuclear pollution. Analyzing the European tracer test and conducting simulation prediction tests under a virtual accident scenario led to the following conclusions: The HYSPLIT model exhibited a minimum absolute error of approximately 0.2° in simulating trajectories within the first hour. The model can effectively predict the diffusion trajectory of nuclear pollution. The trajectory simulation error primarily arises from variations in wind direction and wind speed. Additionally, the initial state error progressively amplifies the trajectory simulation error with an increase in forecast lead time. For a single trajectory simulation, the model simulation trajectory will have deviation; however, within a certain time range, the trajectory simulation can well reflect the overall distribution characteristics of the tracer in the spatial range after release. Using the atmospheric diffusion model HYSPLIT and the regional high-resolution model WRF (weather research and forecasting), a numerical prediction of regional nuclear pollution can be realized. The model can predict the dispersion path and concentration distribution of nuclear leakage substances in the accident area..
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing
- Publication Date: Apr. 20, 2024
- Vol. 42, Issue 2, 020702 (2024)
Positioning technique of coded aperture radiation imaging
Wensheng ANG, Shuncheng DONG, Yonghuan DU, Peiyi ZHANG, and Wanxin WEN
With the widespread application of nuclear technology and radiation protection, the demand for radioactive sources imaging is increasing. As a high-precision imaging and positioning device for radioactive sources, the coded aperture imaging positioning system can accurately determine the location of radioactive sourcesWith the widespread application of nuclear technology and radiation protection, the demand for radioactive sources imaging is increasing. As a high-precision imaging and positioning device for radioactive sources, the coded aperture imaging positioning system can accurately determine the location of radioactive sources and reconstruct their rough shape. This study explores the comparison of the reconstruction effects of various reconstruction algorithms in coded aperture imaging positioning on the position and shape reconstruction of radioactive sources with continuous energy spectra, to determine the advantages and disadvantages of different reconstruction algorithms and their applicable scenarios. Geant4 software was used to simulate the encoded aperture imaging positioning system, and the relevant data were obtained. Thereafter, the δ decoding, fine sampling balance decoding, and convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms, along with the maximum likelihood maximum expected value method (MLEM) were used to program and reconstruct the location of the radioactive source. The results demonstrate that the four reconstruction algorithms can locate the radioactive source clearly; the δ decoding and fine sampling balance decoding algorithms have artifacts to reconstruct the image; and the CNN algorithm has a poor effect on the reconstruction of line and surface sources, which can be addressed by an extended training set; the contrast to noise ratio (CNR) value of the MLEM algorithm is high, and the reconstruction effect is good, however, some details of the line and surface sources reconstruction will be lost..
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing
- Publication Date: Apr. 20, 2024
- Vol. 42, Issue 2, 020801 (2024)
Effects of radiation patterns from ultraviolet light-emitting diodes on the uniformity of the radiation field in surface disinfection
Sen YAO, Yiqing JIANG, Lianxi ZHANG, Lianfeng ZHANG, and Zhangfa TONG
When ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are used for surface disinfection, the UV dose in some areas may exceed the required level but be insufficient in other areas. The most ideal radiation field is that with the same irradiance level at each point. In this study, a universal formula for determining the radiWhen ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are used for surface disinfection, the UV dose in some areas may exceed the required level but be insufficient in other areas. The most ideal radiation field is that with the same irradiance level at each point. In this study, a universal formula for determining the radiation field was derived, and a corresponding VBA program was coded for the mathematical simulation, analysis, and optimization of the radiation field. The radiation fields of nine UV-LED radiation patterns were simulated and analyzed. The results indicate that for a board with multiple UV-LEDs, the ratio of the radiation distance to the UV-LED spacing and the radiation patterns of the UV-LEDs are the key factors that influence the uniformity of the radiation field. Because of edge effects, a uniform radiation field can be reached only within 80% of the edge length projected directly below the UV-LED board. When the ratio of the radiation distance to the UV-LED spacing is within the range of 3 to 15, the uniformity is good (the ratio of the minimum to maximum values ≥ 81.8%). The radiation pattern with a smaller maximum emission angle is good for a relatively higher ratio of the irradiation distance to UV-LED spacing, and vice versa..
Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing
- Publication Date: Apr. 20, 2024
- Vol. 42, Issue 2, 020802 (2024)
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