Fired clay products can absorb water molecules and be re-hydroxylated, and the amount of structural hydroxyl groups generated has a certain relationship with the storage time. Based on the theory of rehydroxylation in fired-clay, thermogravimetric analysis can be used to study the dating of pottery products. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy techniques can also be used to analyze the structural hydroxyl information in mineral materials, so people hope to explore the use of spectral non-destructive analysis for dating traditional ceramics instead of the thermogravimetric method. In order to verify the feasibility, we collected a variety of typical raw materials and traceable ancient ceramic potshards in this paper and analyzed their internal structural hydroxyl groups by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The obvious peaks of aluminum hydroxyl in orthoclase, porcelain clay and kaolinite can be observed in the range of 3 600~3 700 cm^-1 both in infrared and Raman spectra. When analyzing traditional ceramic samples, there is no peak of the structural hydroxyl group in this range in the infrared spectrum. When the wavelength of the excitation light of the Raman spectroscopy is 532 nm, two obvious peaks can be observed in the range of 3 600~4 000 cm^-1 in the spectra of many samples. When the wavelength was changed, there was no peak in the corresponding rang. Especially when the excitation light wavelength is 514 nm, two peaks can be observed at 4 288 and 4 512 cm^-1. The peaks observed when the excitation light wavelengths are 532 and 514 nm can correspond to about 659 and 669 nm in the wavelength mode of Raman spectra. The results showed that when the excitation light wavelength is 532 nm, the two peaks observed in the range of 3 600~4 000 cm^-1 in the Raman spectrum should not be characteristic signal of structural hydroxyl groups in minerals, but rather sharp fluorescence peak. Under current technical conditions, infrared and Raman spectroscopy is difficult to be applied for rehydroxylation dating of Chinese traditional high-temperature ceramic products.