Fig. 1. Optical layout of the Scheimpflug imaging principle. is the focal length of the receiving telescope 沙氏成像原理示意图。f是接收望远镜的焦距

Fig. 2. (a) Relationships between the pixel and the measurement distance with different optical configurations; (b) Relationship between the range resolution and the measurement distance. System parameters: f is the focus of the receiving telescope, separation refers to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, pixel width: 5.5 µm, pixel number: 2048×1024, (a) 不同配置的沙氏成像系统像素与测量距离的对应关系；（b）距离分辨率与测量距离之间的关系。f为接收望远镜的焦距，separation表示发射端与接收端之间的间隔，相机参数：像素大小为5.5 μm，像元数量为 2048×1024，相机倾角为45˚

Fig. 3. (a) Architecture of the Scheimpflug atmospheric lidar system based on a Newtonian telescope; (b) Typical pixel-intensity lidar signal; (c) Range-intensity lidar signal transferred by pixel-range lidar signal

Fig. 4. (a) Measurement geometry, (b) physical diagram of the pulsed lidar system, and (c) physical diagram of the Scheimpflug lidar system. The rain-proofed SLidar system was placed on the rooftop while the pulsed lidar system was located inside a laboratory

Fig. 5. Time-range evolution maps of range-corrected log-scale lidar signals measured by (a) the pulsed lidar system and (b) the SLidar system while slope measurement from 11th June 2019 to 12th June 2019. The elevation angle was about 30˚

Fig. 6. Time-space evolution map of the atmospheric backscattering signals measured by an 808 nm all-day SLidar system

Fig. 7. Measurement principles of atmospheric polarization lidar. (a) Dual-channel pulsed polarization lidar, (b) Polarization Scheimpflug lidar based on the time-division multiplexing scheme, (c) Polarization-sensitive imaging lidar utilizing a polarized image sensor

Fig. 8. Time-space map of the linear volume depolarization ratio measured by the polarization-sensitive imaging lidar in Dec. 2019

Fig. 9. (a) Portable SLidar atmospheric system based on a refracting telescope. Transmitter: Φ=100 mm, f=600 mm; Refracting telescope receiver: Φ=150 mm, f=750 mm; Separation between transmitter and receiver is 756 mm. (b) Portable SLidar atmospheric system based on a Newtonian telescope. Transmitter: Φ=100 mm, f=600 mm; Newtonian telescope receiver: Φ=200 mm, f=800 mm; Separation between transmitter and receiver is 806 mm

Fig. 10. (a) Atmospheric backscattering intensity distribution map and (b) atmospheric extinction coefficient retrieving map measured by a scanning SLidar system. The SLidar system was placed on the roof of a shopping mall in Changli, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province

Fig. 11. (a) Schematic and (b) photograph of the three-wavelength polarization SLidar system developed at Dalian University of Technology

Fig. 12. (a) Time-range evolution map of the linear volume depolarization ratio at 808 nm，(b) Temporal evolution curves of the median of linear volume depolarization ratio and the median of Ångström exponent

Fig. 13. Schematic of NO₂ absorption spectrum, the and laser spectra NO₂吸收光谱及激光器发射光谱示意图

Fig. 14. (a) Architecture of the 2D fluorescence SLidar principle; (b) Data cloud reconstruction result of a grapefruit tree with the 2D fluorescence SLidar 5 m away, the dot cloud intensity represents the signal intensity ratio of red channel to blue channel of image sensor

Fig. 15. Architecture of the inelastic scattering hyperspectral SLidar system

Table 1. [in Chinese]