Developing a hydrogel with tumor therapy and skin wound healing is of great significance for eliminating residual tumor cells and promoting skin wound healing after surgical resection of skin cancers. Here, copper- incorporated calcium silicate (Cu-CS) nanorods were prepared by a molten salt method with calcium hydrate silicate as matrix, NaCl and KCl as molten salt, and CuSO₄·5H₂O as Cu source, and then incorporated into sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel to achieve Cu-CS/SA composite hydrogel. The results showed that Cu content of Cu-CS nanorods increased with the increase of the Cu source addition and the treatment temperature, but their catalytic activity for producing hydroxy radical (·OH) from H₂O₂ exhibited the trend of increasing and then decreasing. Nanorods, prepared with 3% copper source (3Cu-CS) at 700 ℃, displayed the best catalytic performance. Cu with +2 valence state could be uniformly distributed on the surface of Cu-CS nanorods, with Cu content as low as 0.61%. Importantly, Cu-CS/SA hydrogel with Cu-CS nanorods less than 20% were biocompatible and could catalyze H₂O₂ to produce cytotoxic ·OH in a simulated tumor microenvironment, exhibiting outstanding chemodynamic effect. Furthermore, Cu-CS/SA hydrogel could promote proliferation and migration of human umbilicle vein endothelial cells and human dermal fibroblast. Therefore, Cu-CS/SA hydrogel is a promising material for applying in tumor therapy and skin wound healing.