Raman spectroscopy has the advantages of being noninvasive, fingerprint free, water background free, simple sampling preparation, and high spectral resolution; therefore, it has become a popular analytical technique in many research fields. In particular, the Raman spectroscopy can intrinsically capture biochemical information related to normal physiology or abnormal pathology in biomedicine. Additionally, various biological and clinical samples, such as cells, tissues, body fluids, and microbiology can be easily studied using the Raman spectroscopy without complex sample preparation. Thus far, the Raman spectroscopy has shown its high potential for biomedical applications. This review mainly includes an introduction to the basic mechanisms of spontaneous Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scatterings, followed by a description of the analysis procedures and algorithms for obtaining Raman data (spectral and imaging). Further, a brief summary of the applications of noncoherent Raman microscopy in biomedicine in recent years is presented, and its current challenges and future directions are discussed.