Metal phthalocyanines with different peripheralsubstituents were doped into silica (SiO₂) gel glass matrix by the Sol-gel process to prepare metal phthalocyanine doped composite gel glass. The effects of the types and positions of different cyclic substituents in lead phthalocyanine series, aluminum phthalocyanine series, and zinc phthalocyanine series on the UV visible absorption spectra of phthalocyanine in DMF solution and silica gel glass matrix were systematically studied to detect the existence status of phthalocyanine in different matrices and the influencing factors of the types and positions of different cyclic substituents. Firstly, the influence of the types of pericyclic substituents was studied: in DMF solution, the introduction of different pericyclic substituents -CP, -OAr, t-Bu can lead to the formation of a larger conjugated system of large π electrons, resulting in a red shift in the maximum electron absorption wavelength; In the composite gel glass, the doped metal phthalocyanine exists in the form of polymer, which makes the characteristic absorption peaks in the ultraviolet-visible spectrum become dispersed. Secondly, the influence of the position of cyclic substituents was studied: for the aluminum phthalocyanine series, the cyclic substituents OAr were studied, respectively α and β Bit time, α- AlTPOPcCl and Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of β-AlTPOPcCl in DMF solution and silica composite gel glass. The results indicate that in DMF solution, due to the electron conjugation effect, α Compared to the substituent of position β, The characteristic peak has a redshift. In composite gel glass, The UV visible absorption spectra of α- AlTPOPcCl are almost identical to those in DMF solution, indicating that α- AlTPOPcCl exists as a monomer in these two matrices. The absorption spectra of β-AlTPOPcCl dispersed in the composite gel system, indicating that the phthalocyanine mainly existed in aggregate in the composite system. The above research results lay the experimental foundation for further research on the optical properties of phthalocyanine-doped composite gel glass and also laid the theoretical foundation for the research on nonlinear optical limiting materials and devices.