Senyu Wang, Junsheng Chen, Xinsheng Zhao, Hao Lei, Hongyu Luo, Jianfeng Li. Research progress in 3-5 μm rare earth ion doped mid-infrared fiber lasers (invited)[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2023, 52(5): 20230215
- Infrared and Laser Engineering
- Vol. 52, Issue 5, 20230215 (2023)
![Energy levels and emission spectra of Er3+, Ho3+ and Dy3+ at 3-5 μm band [15-20]. (a) Mid-infrared emission spectra; (b) Corresponding energy level transition process and pumping excitation mode](/richHtml/irla/2023/52/5/20230215/img_1.jpg)
Fig. 1. Energy levels and emission spectra of Er3+, Ho3+ and Dy3+ at 3-5 μm band [15-20]. (a) Mid-infrared emission spectra; (b) Corresponding energy level transition process and pumping excitation mode
![(a) Experimental setup of the Dy-doped ZrF4 fiber laser pumped at 1.69 μm; (b) Tunable laser output spectrum[42]](/richHtml/irla/2023/52/5/20230215/img_2.jpg)
Fig. 2. (a) Experimental setup of the Dy-doped ZrF4 fiber laser pumped at 1.69 μm; (b) Tunable laser output spectrum[42]
![Schematic diagram of the 985 nm and 1 973 nm dual-wavelength cascaded pumped Er3+ fluoride doped 3.5 μm fiber laser; (b) Tran-sition process of dual wavelength pumping[30]](/Images/icon/loading.gif){kind=icon}
Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of the 985 nm and 1 973 nm dual-wavelength cascaded pumped Er3+ fluoride doped 3.5 μm fiber laser; (b) Tran-sition process of dual wavelength pumping[30]
Fig. 4. (a) Energy level diagram of red light LD pumping doped Er3+/Dy3+: ZBLAN fiber; (b) Output power evolutions[34]
Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of 3.92 μm fiber laser system at room temperature[37]. (a) Experimental setup; (b) Energy level diagram; (c) Output power
Fig. 6. (a) Experimental setup of the Fe2+: ZnSe crystal-based Q-switched Er3+: ZBLAN fiber laser; (b) Average output power and wave-length tunability[53]
Fig. 7. (a) Experimental setup of the gain-switched Dy3+-doped fiber laser at 3.24 µm; (b) Output power[54]
Fig. 8. Dy3+: ZBLAN ring oscillator with NPR mode-locked[58]. (a) Sche-matic diagram of the cavity and energy level of the ring fiber laser; (b) Pulse autocorrelation trace
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Table 1. 3-5 μm continuous wave fiber laser doped with different rare earth ions
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Table 2. 3-5 μm pulsed fiber lasers doped with different rare earth ions
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