Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for providing information about material structure, but its application scope is limited due to its weak Raman scattering signal and low sensitivity. However, in resonant Raman spectroscopy(RRS), the absorption intensity of the incident light by the molecule is greatly increased due to the frequency of the excitation light source falls within one electron absorption band of the molecule and the transition to the electron excited state of molecule becomes a resonance absorption after absorbting photons. RRS can increase the signal intensity by a factor of 106 compared to conventional Raman spectroscopy. Therefore, it is more widely applied with its higher sensitivity and selectivity, especially in the fields of biology and medicine. For instance: (1) Analysis of pigments such as carotenoid and chlorophyll et al. in biological matrices; (2) Researches on organic substances such as cells, proteins, and DNA, as well as the diagnosis of some clinical diseases. RRS can obtain more important information of molecular structure which is hidden in normal Raman spectroscopy. RRS can be achieved at very low concentration, and the Raman lines with resonance Raman enhancement belong to the group that can generate electron absorption, which is crucial to coloured substance and biological samples. The active sites of many of these samples are close to the chromophore groups, and the object of research is often one part of biological macromolecules, so RRS plays an important role in researching the relationship of the structure and function of biological substances. In recent years, RRS has been innovated and extended such as the application of new technologies of Liquid-core optical fiber Resonance Raman spectroscopy and Transmission Resonance Raman spectroscopy with the development of spectroscopy. This view summarizes and analyzes the raw paper, data and main viewpoint of RRS technology applications in recent years. It introduced the historical background and research status of RRS, and carried out a detailed overview of the application of resonance Raman spectroscopy in the fields of pigment detection, biology detection and explosive detection as well as the development and application of relevant new technology. RRS will have an irreplaceable position in the field of scientific research field with the rapid development of spectroscopy technology.