The shaft guide plays an essential role in the production of the coal mine. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a safety inspection on the shaft guide to ensure that its deformation range is within the normal range to avoid affecting the coal mine's safety production. To solve the problems of low precision and cumbersome process in the current detection methods of coal mines shaft guide in our country, a shaft guide detection algorithm based on two-dimensional laser scanning technology was studied, which could calculate the gap, misalignment between two shaft guides, and the wear of a single shaft guide, and write this algorithm into the upper computer software. In the laboratory environment, the algorithm had good repeatability. Simultaneously, in the actual coal mine experiment, the algorithm’s recognition accuracy rate reaches 62.5%; after the algorithm is improved, the recognition rate increases to 87.5%, proving that the algorithm has reasonable practicability and reliability. Compared with the traditional method, the method is simple to operate and has high measurement accuracy. This method's application in the detection of coal mine cage will effectively improve the production safety of coal mine and has great popularization and application value.