Compared with traditional multispectral load, the space hyperspectral load has a great improvement in spectral resolution. With the development of quantitative remote sensing, space-based detection can not only collect geometric information of ground targets, but also detect the material composition of atmosphere, land resources, battlefield environment and marine resources by using hyperspectral data. With the continuous development of space hyperspectral technology, it has become possible to monitor global climate, natural resources and hydrographic landforms with high temporal resolution. According to different imaging principles, hyperspectral detection can be divided into interference spectrometer, diffraction spectrometer and filter spectrometer. In this paper, grating diffraction spectrometer, time Fourier transform spectrometer, space Fourier transform spectrometer, AOTF spectrometer, LCTF spectrometer and hyperspectral filter spectrometer were introduced, and the advantages and limitations of each spectrometer were analyzed.