Microvibration sensing technology based on laser speckles has several advantages, including noncontact, system compact, invisibility, high sensibility and long sensing distance, and it can be used in medical treatment, aerospace, civil engineering, security, national defense, etc. In this paper, we reviewed the development of microvibration detection using laser speckles according to the developing sequence and detection scheme. Here, we introduced four detecting schemes, including high-speed area array camera, photodetector, line array camera, and rolling shutter camera. Furthermore, we discussed their advantages and disadvantages and summarized the algorithms for extracting vibration signals. Additionally, we provided an outlook on future development trends in laser speckle-based microvibration detection.