Mountain cultivation ginseng (MCG) and garden cultivation ginseng (GCG) were identified by near infrared spectroscopy, so were MCG of different growth years. 96 MCG samples of different growth years, including 24 of fifteen years and 72 of ten years, and 177 GCG samples were collected. After the near infrared spectra of these samples were collected, discriminant analysis was used to distinguish MCG and GCG, so was MCG of different years. After the original spectra were pretreated, discriminant analysis models of MCG and GCG, MCG of different growth years were developed respectively with selected principal component numbers in full spectra region. The correct discrimination rate of two groups of model was both 100%. The proposed methods are accurate, fast and nondestructive, and can be applied to the quality control of MCG. It has an important significance for building market image of MCG.