At present, the missile recognition algorithm based on the space-based hyperspectral image is considered from the overall analysis of the spectral curve. The required data is large and the algorithm is redundant. In order to solve the problem of insufficient algorithm, the influence of missile launching device, fuel composition and temperature pressure on the tail flame spectrum from the influence factors of missile tail flame spectrum was analyzed firstly, and the radiation data at the characteristic interval under certain assumptions was used to obtain the conclusion of missile identification. On this basis, the fuzzy recognition algorithm was introduced. The algorithm made full use of the radiation intensity and the spectral line information. The recognition result is the membership probability of each type missile. Through analyzing the spectral angle, it is found that it is too dependent on the line type, and the effect of the line recognition is poor by comparing the fuzzy recognition result with the spectral angle measurement, the superiority of the fuzzy algorithm in the spectral recognition is proved.