The development of optical holographic data storage technology in the past 50 years is reviewed in this paper. With the continuous development of key devices and materials, optical holographic data storage technology is becoming more and more mature. At present, in the era of Big Data, the demands for data storage density and data transfer rate are greater than ever before. Optical holographic data storage has become a potential candidate for the next generation of data storage technology because of its advantages of superhigh storage capacity, superfast data transfer rate, and superlong storage life. The coaxial holographic storage system will become the cornerstone of further practicality of holographic storage technology because of its compact structure, simple operation and strong compatibility. Meanwhile, new phase modulated holographic data storage system is becoming the research hotspot. The new round of rapid development has arrived.