Residual stresses are typically generated in materials and components during their manufacturing processes, thereby significantly influencing their engineering properties, particularly the fatigue life, deformation mechanism, dimensional stability, corrosion resistance, and brittle fracture. Therefore, the measurement and evaluation of residual stresses have been the focus of current manufacturing research to provide a theoretical basis for the strength analysis and deformation prediction of materials and components. With the development of new materials and their processing technologies, the requirement for residual stress measurement techniques has increased. This paper describes existing residual stress measurement techniques, emphasizing the application of fiber Bragg grating in residual stress measurements. Furthermore, the existing problems are analyzed, and the future development trend is prospected.