Aiming at the particle contamination on the surface of optical components in practical work, based on Mie theory, the absorption of incident laser energy by polluted particles (mainly SiO₂) in the air in sandy areas was discussed. In addition, the effects of air cleanliness, orientation of working face and placement time on the surface absorption characteristics of optical components were further analyzed. The results show that the higher the air cleanliness level is, the optical component face up and the longer exposure time are, would make the surface absorption of the optical component stronger. The research results can provide guidance for pollution control of optical system in practical applications.