The fringe projection three-dimensional measurement technology has been extensively investigated and used by numerous scholars owing to its high precision, high robustness, low cost, and other benefits. However, most traditional approaches require projecting numerous fringes to generate the object's three-dimensional shape. This study provides a fast fringe projection three-dimensional measurement approach, designing a symmetrical phase for phase unwrapping, which can efficiently decrease the number of projected fringes. In this approach, the projector is regarded as an inverse camera, the system is built as a stereo vision system, and a window matching approach is developed to improve the robustness of phase unwrapping using the epipolar limitation of stereo vision for the symmetrical phase information. Compared with the traditional frequency doubling approach and multi-frequency heterodyne approach, the number of fringes of the proposed approach can be reduced by 50% while assuring high accuracy and robustness.