Longwangshan Tomb, located in Jingmen city, Hubei Province, belongs to a key transitional period between the Daxi Culture and the Qujialing Culture, dating back about 5, 000 years. The tomb unearths 73 pieces of jade, whose quality is generally good. In the past a few years, few jade articles have been unearthed in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. At the same time, the changing period of time is also a period of social change. The study of jade articles unearthed from the Longwangshan Tomb is of great significance in terms of geographical location and period. Relative density detection, infrared spectrometer and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer are used to study the spectral and chemical composition characteristics of unearthed jade articles, identify their material, and explore the level of selecting jade material and mineral source. The infrared spectrometer results show that the infrared absorption spectrum of jade excavated from Longwangshan Tomb can be divided into two categories: tremolite and agate. The infrared absorption peaks of tremolite jades are at 1 207, 1 123, 1 028, 928, 775, 700, 602, 488 and 425 cm-1. The infrared absorption peaks of agate jades are at 1 158, 814, 790, 702, 572, 521 and 405 cm-1. There are 71 pieces of tremolite jade, and the quality is very good, indicating that the level of jade selected by the ancestors of the Longwangshan Tomb is very high. Comparing the level of selecting jade in the tombs of Longwangshan with that of other archaeological cultures of the same period, the level of selecting jade in the tombs of Longwangshan is far superior to that of the same period. Comparing the level of selecting jade in the tombs of Longwangshan with that in the Neolithic age of Hubei province, the level of selecting jade in the tombs of Longwangshan is far higher than the average level of Hubei province. The laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer showed that trace elements of jades made of tremolite mainly consist of Al, Na, Mn, K, P, etc. and are enriched in W, U, P and Sb elements, while Th and Tielements are depleted. The rare earth distribution patterns of jades are diverse, including horizontal seagull shape, left inclined type and right inclined type. Ce anomalies are generally not obvious, while Eu anomalies are mainly positive and negative. With the help of SPASS software, the rare earth elements and trace elements content of the jade excavated from Longwangshan Tomb were analyzed, and the jade was inferred to be from a deposit with the similar metallogenic environment to Xinjiang. However, the possibility of multiple sources of jade was not ruled out because of the diversity of its geochemical characteristics.