Shuangli Li, Lujun Huang, Haozong Zhong, Minghao Ning, Ling-En Zhang, Yaling Yin, Ya Cheng, Lin Li, "Observation of multiple quasi-bound states in the continuum by symmetry breaking in a photonic crystal slab," Photonics Res. 13, 968 (2025)

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- Photonics Research
- Vol. 13, Issue 4, 968 (2025)

Fig. 1. (a) Scheme of a triangular-lattice PCS. (b) Schematic illustration of first Brillouin zone of the PCSs. (c) Calculated band structure of PCSs. BIC-1, BIC-2, BIC-3, and BIC-4 at the Γ point are indicated by the red, pink, blue, and light blue lines, respectively. (d) Cross section of the PCSs. The radius of the circle hole is b . The semi-long axis and semi-short axis radii of the ellipse are a and b , respectively. (e)–(h) Eigen field profiles of BIC-1, BIC-2, BIC-3, and BIC-4. (i)–(l) Q -factors of BIC-1, BIC-2, BIC-3, and BIC-4 in the Γ -K direction.

Fig. 2. Simulated polarization vectors around the BICs with the log 10 Q as the background color. (a)–(d) Correspond respectively to BIC-1, 2, 3, and 4. Left: for triangular-lattice PCSs with circular holes. Right: for triangular-lattice PCSs with elliptical holes (R = 1.2 ).

Fig. 3. (a)–(c) Schematics of triangular-lattice PCSs slab with circular holes (θ = 0 ° , 45 ° , 90 ° ). (d)–(f) Q -factors versus α = a − b b at Γ point in the mode 1 (θ = 0 ° , 45 ° , 90 ° ). (g)–(i) Q -factors versus α = a − b b at Γ point in the mode 3 (θ = 0 ° , 45 ° , 90 ° ).

Fig. 4. (a)–(c) Q -factors versus α = a − b b at Γ point in the mode 2 (θ = 0 ° , 45 ° , 90 ° ). (d)–(f) Q -factors versus α = a − b b at Γ point in the mode 4 (θ = 0 ° , 45 ° , 90 ° ).

Fig. 5. Schematic illustration of experimental setup based on cross-polarization measurement.

Fig. 6. (a) Schematic illustration of a photonic crystal slab under plane wave illumination. (b) SEM image of a PCS. The scale is 400 nm. (c) Scattering spectra of PCSs with Δ = a − b = 20 nm . (d) Scattering spectra of PCSs while a quasi-BIC based on BIC-1 is excited in this wavelength window. (e), (f) Retrieved resonance wavelengths (e) and Q -factors (f) of resonance based on mode 1 at different Δ = a − b . (g) Scattering spectra of PCS while a quasi-BIC based on BIC-3 is excited in this wavelength window. (h), (i) Retrieved resonance wavelengths (h) and Q -factors (i) of resonance based on mode 3 at different Δ = a − b .

Fig. 7. (a) Scattering spectra of PCSs while a quasi-BIC based on BIC-2 is excited in this wavelength window. (b) Scattering spectra of PCSs while a quasi-BIC based on BIC-4 is excited in this wavelength window. (c), (d) Retrieved resonance wavelengths (c) and Q -factors (d) of resonance based on mode 2 and mode 4 at different Δ = a − b . In the legends of (c) and (d), 0.01 and 0.02 represent ( k x , k y ) = ( 0.01 2 π p , 0.01 2 π p ) and ( k x , k y ) = ( 0.02 2 π p , 0.02 2 π p ) , which correspond to angles of approximately 1° and 3°, respectively.

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