In order to continuously detect the tropospheric and stratospheric wind field with high accuracy, a direct wind lidar system is built to detect the tropospheric and stratospheric wind field. Based on the Rayleigh scattering Doppler wind measurement principle of the double edge Fabry-Perot etalon, the system uses a rotary table detection structure, and tracks the frequency drift by means of frequency tracking to ensure the accuracy of wind measurement. The experimental results show that the system has a good detection performance on the tropospheric and stratospheric atmospheric wind field, and the frequency tracking range is ±50 MHz, which can greatly reduce the wind speed error caused by frequency drift. After the stable operation of the system and long-time observation, the random error of radial wind speed measured at 40 km is 8 m/s. After the radial wind speed is combined into horizontal wind speed, the maximum random error at 38 km is about 10 m/s. The detection altitude of the system is 25 km in the daytime and 38 km at night. Compared with the sounding data, the wind speed error is less than 10 m/s, and the data volume within the range of ±5 m/s accounts for about 75.8%. The detected wind direction error is basically consistent with the trend of the sounding balloon, the error range is of 10° to 20° and the data volume within the range of 15° accounts for about 58.6%. The measured data and sounding data are statistically analyzed, and the results have good consistency. The system can provide data support for the detection of tropospheric and stratospheric atmospheric wind fields.