Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is the basis of measuring microwave by Rydberg atom, and the spectral characteristics of EIT affect the measurement accuracy of microwave field directly. The effects of the Rabi frequency of a coupling laser, Rabi frequency of a probe laser, and temperature of an atomic chamber on the electromagnetically induced transparency spectral characteristics of cesium atoms were investigated experimentally in this study. The causes for the variations in optical bistability, atomic collisions, and atomic density are investigated. The research results indicate that as the Rabi frequency of the coupling laser increases, both the width and the degree of asymmetry of the EIT spectrum first increase and then stabilize. In addition, as the Rabi frequency of the probe laser increases, the width of the EIT spectrum increases monotonically. The fitting slope initially increases and then stabilizes as the Rabi frequency of the coupling laser increases, whereas the degree of asymmetry has two trends: increasing, decreasing, and increasing, decreasing, increasing; as the temperature of the atomic chamber increases, both of them first increase and then decrease. This study is beneficial for optimizing the experimental parameters of quantum microwave measurement, improving the sensitivity of microwave measurement, and facilitating the practical application of the technology for quantum microwave measurement.