In the imaging process of satellite-based pushbroom hyperspectral imager, attitude motions of satellite platform, represented by vibrations, will cause aliasing of the object information comes from different sub-areas of the detector, leading to degradation of hyperspectral image quality. In order to suppress and correct the imaging errors caused by satellite vibrations more effectively, spatial and spectral degradation mechanisms of typical dispersive pushbroom imaging spectrometer caused by satellite vibration are studied in this paper, including theoretical simulation and experimental study. With the analysis of spectral mixing process during exposure, the relationship between spectrum of ground object and satellite attitude is obtained, and a degradation model of pushbroom spectral imaging is presented. The effects of different attitudes of vibration are considered in the degradation model. Mean mixing ratios of each pixel are easy to calculate with a universal coefficient matrix, as long as the satellite attitude parameters of each moment are known. Then the simulation degraded spectral image data cube is achieved. The common expression of mean mixing ration is derived in detail. More important, the effects of vibration amplitude and frequency are quantitative analyzed separately. Degraded simulation and ground simulation experiments are carried out based on real hyperspectral data cubes, then the quality of the cubes before and after degradation are evaluated. Results show that simulation is in good agreement with reality. Mean mixing ratio can reflect the degradation extent of hyperspectral data directly. The satellite vibrations bring about spatial quality deteriorate of hyperspectral image, and lead to the aliasing of spectrum comes from different ground object. The degradation extent of hyperspectral data is determined mainly by vibration amplitude. The influence of frequency is limited.