The ancient fossils are formed by the ancient animals and plants after a long geological period and geological processes. They have witnessed the history of the earth and recorded the information of the evolution of the earth’s ecological environment; Meteorites traveling in the solar system for a long time with the abrasion of nuclear reactions and atmosphere of the universe, have formed a unique shape and texture. They recorded the original information about the formation and evolution of out space. The analysis of the ancient fossils composition is the scientific basis for the study of the origin and evolution of the earth; the meteorites as rock sample from outer space are gifts from nature. They are extremely valuable and rare; the analysis of the composition of meteorites can provide a better foundation for the development of the foreign planet exploration and the development of the celestial chemistry. In this paper, the method of sample dissolution was selected and optimized. The final choice of nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid and perchloric acid as the mixed reagent, a microwave digestion method was used in treatment of ancient fossil samples; The aqua regia, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid and perchloric acid as the mixed reagent, both microwave digestion method and wet digestion method were used in treatment of meteorite samples. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was used to determine three different ancient fossil samples and three meteorite samples. And the content of same elements was compared. Analysis results show that the ancient fossils and meteorites contain Pb, Hg, Ge, Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, Mn and other heavy metal elements as well as part of the rare earth element. The standard addition recovery of the method was between 98.2%~106%, and the relative standard deviation was less than 2.12%. The method had high sensitivity, accuracy and precision.