In the present paper,based on the exponential attenuation of atmospheric aerosol concentration with height,so using continuous spectrum sun-photometer,forward scatter visibility sensor and hygrothermograph,the authors measured the atmosphere column optical characteristic and plane spectral extinction coefficient on earth on the base of two experiments at some edge of ocean at the same time,respectively,set up the calculative method of multi-wavelength spectral aerosol scale height.Firstly,the authors obtained atmospheric horizontal extinction coefficient with forward scattering visibility sensor,which subtracted molecular extinction coefficient,and could get aerosol extinction coefficient near ground;Then,selecting sea salt model,using OPAC software,the authors also could calculate the aerosol extinction coefficient under different humidity (0%,50%,70%,80%,90%,95%,98% and 99%) and different wavelength (400,450,500,550,600,650,700 and 750 nm),the aerosol extinction coefficient was detected by visibility sensor,using interpolation method,respectively;Finally,using the data of atmospheric columniation optical thickness detected by continuous spectral sun-photometer and subtracted molecular optical thickness corresponding wavelengths were accounted out by Modtran 4.0.The authors obtained the characteristic of spectral aerosol scale height of visible light (wavelength is 400,440,532,550 and 690 nm):with wavelength increments,and spectral aerosol scale height was found to decline neither in inland nor in inshore in China;Spectral aerosol scale height in winter is higher than in summer in southeast inshore;but spectral aerosol scale height in winter is smaller in summer than in inland.