In this paper, the one-shot recognition principles and detecting principles of the near field image detecting of aerial targets are illustrated. Based on the capability requirments of the system, the partial image of the targets must be identified and processed simultaneously during the generation of the image. Firstly, the primary characteristics of moving targets' one shot partial images, pixels link bonds, matrix expression and the invariable principle are illustrated. Then, based on the recognition rule, the two value image pattern identifying method of one shot partial target's image on the basis of ANN is introduced. So the automatic identifying and anti-jamming capability of near field image detecting device is highly improved. Furthermore, the simulating results and the block diagrams of ANN two value image pattern recognition system are presented.