High-density, high-resolution, and high-speed X-ray digital imaging detection requires a high-energy microfocus and high-dose X-ray source. A high quality electron beam source is the key means to achieve this X-ray source. Based on the main accelerator of the terahertz free electron laser of the China Academy of Engineering Physics (CTFEL), a high-energy microfocus X-ray source achieved by the high-brightness electron beam with low emittance and low energy spread was verified. The 9 MeV electron beam with full width at half-maximum of less than 70 μm was obtained. An initial imaging experiment was also carried out. The focal spot of the dual-wire image quality meter clearly distinguished the 9D wire with a wire diameter of 0.13 mm.