In this paper, the Au@Ag core-shell composite bimetallic nanorods (Au@AgNRs) with good monodispersity were loaded into filter paper by electrostatic interaction to prepare composite filter paper. Moreover, the distribution of Au@AgNRs on the composite filter paper was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the number of Au@AgNRs in the filter paper per unit area was statistically counted. In addition, the prepared Au@AgNRs loading composite filter paper was used as a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate, and trace amount of tetramethylthiuram disulfide adsorbed on slide was detected by using the paper to wipen its surface. It can be seen that the composite filter paper prepared with 150 nmol·L-1 Au @ AgNRs solution has better enhancement effect and detection repeatability. The relative standard deviation of the results of ten repeated tests is 3.1%, and the linear detection range was 10-14~10-7 mol·L-1. The prepared Au@AgNRs loading composite filter paper as a SERS substrate can be used for the detection of pesticide residues on fruits and vegetables like apple.