Digital shearography has been widely used in non-destructive testing of composite materials. But the conventional detection area is limited and the defect detection of large-size composite materials is difficult to achieve. A digital shearography assisted with projection scanning detection for large-size composite materials was introduced. Based on digital shearography and the auxiliary projection which could project additional surface features, global matching and coordinate unification of the sub-view original images and the speckle interferograms were calculated by the homography matrix of the corresponding projection images to realize the multi-field scanning and matching stitching of projection, origin, and interferogram images. At the same time, a 4f optical path and an ultra-wide-angle lens were imported for the one detection to expand the detection area. Experimental results show that the scanning detection system can achieve more accurate measurement of the defect position and size. The root mean square error of location positioning is 7.0 mm, and the root mean square value of dimension measurement error is 4.9 mm. At a working distance of 1.2 m, the single detection area can reach 600 mm×500 mm and the global scanning detection area can reach 3.5 m×4.0 m. This method has the advantages of strong resistance to rigid body displacement interference and high sensitivity of defect detection, which is suitable for non-destructive testing of large-size and high performance composite materials.