With the increase of human exploration of space activities, space debris detection is particularly important. In this paper, the space debris hazard and detection significance were firstly introduced. Then, the main difficulties and the development trend of space debris detection were analyzed. On this basis, combined with space debris detection difficulties, a new scheme of detection for space debris and information transmission was proposed, which integrated laser ranging, spectral polarization imaging, laser communication features. And the key technology to decompose and feasibility analysis were made, which may provide a new way of thinking for space debris detection.