• Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
  • Vol. 60, Issue 13, 1314003 (2023)
Hao Zhao, Jixin Yang*, Xiaoqi Hu, Rui Wang, and Yunjie Bi
Author Affiliations
  • Additive Manufacturing Research Institute, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/LOP230785 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Hao Zhao, Jixin Yang, Xiaoqi Hu, Rui Wang, Yunjie Bi. Research on Powder Transport Behavior of Laser Cladding Under Vertical and Inclined Working Conditions[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2023, 60(13): 1314003 Copy Citation Text show less
    Geometric model of the coaxial nozzle. (a) Three-dimensional model of the nozzle; (b) section of the nozzle
    Fig. 1. Geometric model of the coaxial nozzle. (a) Three-dimensional model of the nozzle; (b) section of the nozzle
    Computational domain of the coaxial nozzle. (a) Vertical state of nozzle; (b) nozzle at 20° incline
    Fig. 2. Computational domain of the coaxial nozzle. (a) Vertical state of nozzle; (b) nozzle at 20° incline
    Distribution of gas flow field at X= 0 mm cross section. (a) Vertical state of nozzle; (b) nozzle at 20° incline
    Fig. 3. Distribution of gas flow field at X= 0 mm cross section. (a) Vertical state of nozzle; (b) nozzle at 20° incline
    Powder concentration distributions in different cross sections of the nozzle in vertical state. (a) X= 0 mm; (b) Z= 40 mm; (c) Z= 34 mm; (d) Z= 31 mm; (e) Z= 28 mm; (f) Z= 20 mm
    Fig. 4. Powder concentration distributions in different cross sections of the nozzle in vertical state. (a) X= 0 mm; (b) Z= 40 mm; (c) Z= 34 mm; (d) Z= 31 mm; (e) Z= 28 mm; (f) Z= 20 mm
    Powder concentration distributions in different cross sections of the nozzle at 20° incline. (a) X= 0 mm; (b) Z= 40 mm; (c) Z= 32 mm; (d) Z= 29 mm; (e) Z= 26 mm; (f) Z= 20 mm
    Fig. 5. Powder concentration distributions in different cross sections of the nozzle at 20° incline. (a) X= 0 mm; (b) Z= 40 mm; (c) Z= 32 mm; (d) Z= 29 mm; (e) Z= 26 mm; (f) Z= 20 mm
    Processing methods of the computational domain of the nozzle at 20° incline. (a) Vertical state of nozzle; (b) nozzle at 20° incline
    Fig. 6. Processing methods of the computational domain of the nozzle at 20° incline. (a) Vertical state of nozzle; (b) nozzle at 20° incline
    Effect of carrier gas velocity on powder concentration. (a) Vertical state of nozzle; (b) nozzle at 20° incline
    Fig. 7. Effect of carrier gas velocity on powder concentration. (a) Vertical state of nozzle; (b) nozzle at 20° incline
    Effect of powder feeding rate on powder concentration. (a) Vertical state of nozzle; (b) nozzle at 20° incline
    Fig. 8. Effect of powder feeding rate on powder concentration. (a) Vertical state of nozzle; (b) nozzle at 20° incline
    Effect of shielding gas velocity on powder concentration. (a) Vertical state of nozzle; (b) nozzle at 20° incline
    Fig. 9. Effect of shielding gas velocity on powder concentration. (a) Vertical state of nozzle; (b) nozzle at 20° incline
    Experiment on powder flow field of nozzle free jet. (a) Measurement of powder focal diameter; (b) measurement of powder focusing height
    Fig. 10. Experiment on powder flow field of nozzle free jet. (a) Measurement of powder focal diameter; (b) measurement of powder focusing height
    Cross section morphology of single pass and four pass samples printed on 316L alloy by laser cladding at different angles. (a)(c) Vertical state of nozzle; (b)(d) nozzle at 20° incline
    Fig. 11. Cross section morphology of single pass and four pass samples printed on 316L alloy by laser cladding at different angles. (a)(c) Vertical state of nozzle; (b)(d) nozzle at 20° incline
    ParametersValue
    Powder diameter d /μm50-150
    Flow rate of the carrier gas Q1 /(L·min-14,6,8,10,12
    Initial pressure of the carrier gas P1 /MPa0.3
    Flow rate of shielding gas Q2 /(L·min-110,20,30,40,50
    Initial pressure of the shielding gas P2 /MPa0.1
    Powder feeding rate M1 /(g·min-112.3,14.1,15.8,17.6,19.4
    Table 1. Processing parameters of numerical simulation
    EquipmentModel
    LaserIPG YLS 6kW
    Powder feederPFH-DT1H06

    Laser cladding head

    Coaxial nozzle

    LH-WVR-1020

    CF-1317-01

    Water coolerTFLW-6000WDR
    RobotComau NJ 60-2.2
    Control systemSiemens PLC
    Table 2. Experimental facility
    Hao Zhao, Jixin Yang, Xiaoqi Hu, Rui Wang, Yunjie Bi. Research on Powder Transport Behavior of Laser Cladding Under Vertical and Inclined Working Conditions[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2023, 60(13): 1314003
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