In recent years, various micro-nano optical effects have been used to realize structural color and precise spectral control, but most of methods based on the micro-nano optical effect are based on the principle of color filtering, and the optical efficiency is lower than that of the traditional dye filtering technology. First, the requirements of color technology of a high pixel density image sensor are introduced, and the limitations of the commercial dye filter and micro-nano optical structural color filter technology are analyzed. Then, a new kind of micro-nano structure spatial spectral color management technology is introduced, and its technical principle and development status are systematically analyzed and discussed. Finally, the challenges and development trend of this technology are summarized.