• Optics and Precision Engineering
  • Vol. 30, Issue 22, 2913 (2022)
Ge MA, Sen LIN, Zhifu LI, Zhijia ZHAO, and Tao ZOU*
Author Affiliations
  • School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou510006, China
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    DOI: 10.37188/OPE.20223022.2913 Cite this Article
    Ge MA, Sen LIN, Zhifu LI, Zhijia ZHAO, Tao ZOU. Multi-regularization image restoration method for X-ray images of integrated circuit[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2022, 30(22): 2913 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    The X-ray images of Integrated Circuits (IC) generally have high noise and low contrast characteristics. Considering the different needs in detail preservation and noise removal of edge details and smooth regions, this paper proposes a multi-regularization image restoration method. Firstly, by employing a Fourier transform based Gauss high-pass filter and Gauss low-pass filter, the edge detail and smoothing filter results were obtained as new observed images for image restoration. Then, a TV-l1 mixed regularization model, which takes full use of the advantages of l1 regularization term in detail preservation and Total Variation (TV) regularization term in noise removal, was designed. The model is capable of addressing the problem of excessive smoothing or defective denoising caused by a single regularization term. Experiments on standard and IC X-ray images show that the proposed method can effectively remove noise while retaining more details, laying a foundation for subsequent defect detection of IC.
    f=Hx+n(1)

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    F'u,vFu,v>β(2)

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    Fsmoothu,v=HLPu,vFu,v(3)

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    Fdetailu,v=HHPu,vFu,v(4)

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    HLPu,v=e-D2u,v2D02(5)

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    HHPu,v=1-HLPu,v(6)

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    fsmooth=F-1Fsmooth(7)

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    fdetail=F-1Fdetail(8)

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    minx12Hx-f22+δΦx(9)

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    x*=argminx 12Hx-f22+λδ1x1+(10)

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    (1-λ)δ2Dx1(10)

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    Dx1=i=0M-1j=0N-1Dvxi,j2+Dhxi,j2(11)

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    Dx1=i=0M-1j=0N-1Dvxi,j+Dhxi,j(12)

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    x1*=argminx12Hx-fdetail22+λδ1x1(13)

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    s=argminsFs=12sTBs+cTs(14)

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    wk=sk-θkF(sk)+(16)

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    ||sk+1-sk||22||sk||22ε(17)

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    x*=argminx 12Hx-fsmooth22+δ2Dx1(15)

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    d=argmind 12 Hd-Dfsmooth22+δ2d1(19)

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    s.t. DhTdv=DvTdh,d=Dx(16)

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    Ld,z,q,p=12Hd-Dfsmooth22+δ2z1+(21)

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    φ22d-z+q22+φ12DhTdv-DvTdh+p22(17)

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    dhk+1=F-1[FCh+φ2zhk-qhk]FBh(23)

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    dvk+1=F-1(F(Cv)+φ2zvk-qhk)FBv(24)

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    zk+1=argminz 12z-qk-dk+122+δ2φ2z1(25)

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    zk+1=sgnrkmaxrk-δ2φ2,0qk+dk+1rk(26)

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    zk+1=sgnqk+dk+1maxqk+dk+1-δ2φ2,0(27)

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    pk+1=pk+DhTdvk+1-DvTdhk+1(28)

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    qk+1=qk+dk+1-zk+1(29)

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    ||dk+1-dk||22dk22ε(30)

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    Ge MA, Sen LIN, Zhifu LI, Zhijia ZHAO, Tao ZOU. Multi-regularization image restoration method for X-ray images of integrated circuit[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2022, 30(22): 2913
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