Cultural relics are non-renewable precious heritages, while artworks are limited cultural fortune. Therefore, it cannot afford any damage when cultural relics and artworks are analyzed. Fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) has features of non-destructive testing, direct measurement and remote analysis and has its unique advantages in the research of cultural relics and artworks. This paper introduced the application of FORS in the identification pigments and dyes, the analysis of binders and the research of conservation results and preservation environments. Detection limits, reproducibility and signal characterization method were discussed. The future development of FORS in the research of cultural relics and artworks was summarized.