Antibiotics have the property of treating various bacterial infections and pathogenic microorganisms. The absorption spectrum of antibiotics for detection can effectively monitor and control its addition, which is of important significance and value in the fields of medicine, animal husbandry and aquaculture et al. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy ( THz-TDS) is a brand-new spectrum detection tool featuring being non-destructive, high-efficient and convenient, which owns great application potentials and bright prospects in many fields such as national defense security, information communication, materials, environment, biomedicine, agriculture and food safety. This paper introduced the structure and working principle of the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy detection system, and summarized the research progress of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy on antibiotics detection. The identification and quantitative analysis methods on main antibiotics such as β-indoleamines, aminoglycosides and tetracycline, quinolones, macrolides, sulfonamides, etc. were induced. The development trend and unsolved problems of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy on antibiotics detection were then presented, which provides a reference for future development of qualitative and quantitative rapid detection instruments.