Optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) based on Rayleigh backscattering (RBS) has drawn significant attention in the fields of aerospace, health care, and high-precision instrument testing due to its advantages of exhibiting high spatial resolution and high sensitivity. The improvements in the spatial resolution and sensing distance of OFDR is limited by the weak RBS in the fiber and nonlinear tuning of the laser source. To address these problems, two methods, namely, optical fiber post processing and data post processing are introduced, focusing on RBS enhanced fiber using ultraviolet and femtosecond lasers. Moreover, the temperature, strain, and three-dimensional shape sensing properties are realized using RBS enhanced fiber and data post processing methods.