Fiber-structured electronic devices were attractive subjects in recent years, but fiber-structured photoelectrode, as their core component, has not been mass-manufactured. Particularly, there is always a contradiction between long-term stable preservation of precursor sol and rapidly controllable deposition of local gel in the process of assembling common semiconductor oxides such as ZnO nanostructured along long-size fiber electrodes. Therefore, an electrodeposition method was developed, which is suitable for continuous and controllable deposition of nano ZnO on long fiber-shaped substrate. A miniature continuous flow reactor capable of moving along long fibers was designed, meanwhile, the micelle migration was enhanced by electrophoresis, so as to trigger the rapid gelation of the sol on local fiber electrode. Finally, the nano ZnO thin layer was uniformly coated on the metal-plated polymer fiber with more than 1 m in length. Besides, the ZnO layer with porous structure and nanorod array structure were further grown. Thus, a series of fiber structure ZnO-based photoelectrode materials were developed. It has been successfully applied to fiber solar cells, and the best device has achieved an open circuit voltage of 0.446 V, a short circuit current density of 3.77 mA·cm^-2, and a fill factor of 0.41. The proposed method provides an important idea for breaking through the bottleneck of mass production of various fiber-structured oxide semiconductor electrodes and realizing scalable processing of fabric electronic devices and intelligent textile.