In order to expand the detection field of view angle range of solar-blind ultraviolet optical system used in the fields of high voltage corona discharge detection, tactical missile alarm system and so on, firstly, based on the anti-remote structure form, two negative crescent lenses are added in front of the paraxial optical lens, so that the full field of view of solar-blind ultraviolet optical system is achieved up to 100°; then a method is proposed to determine the first-order optical parameters of three lenses of conventional optical lens using Gaussian optics and third-order aberration theory, and lastly a transmission solar-blind ultraviolet optical system with ultra-wide angle is designed based on optical design software. The operating band of the optical system is 240-280 nm, F number is 4, and focal length is 1.0 mm. The five lenses of the system are all made of fused quartz optical material and all with no aspherical surfaces, which greatly reduces the complexity and processing manufacture cost. In addition, the value of modulation transfer function in the full field of view of the system is higher than 0.42 at the Nyquist frequency of 20 lp/mm, the relative illumination is more than 97.9% and the energy loss is very small. Therefore, the imaging quality of the system is very good and has a good practical application prospect. The research provides an effective reference for the parameters setting of initial structure and the design of this kind of optical systems.