Fig. 1. SEM morphology of powder. (a) High-entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNi powder; (b) TiC powder; (c) WC powder; (d) CeO₂ powder

Fig. 2. XL-F2000W fiber laser processing system

Fig. 3. Full cross-section of cladding with different CeO₂ content. (a) 0%CeO₂; (b) 1%CeO₂; (c) 2%CeO₂; (d) 3%CeO₂

Fig. 4. SEM images of cladding layers with different content of CeO₂. (a) 0% bottom of cladding layer; (b) 0% middle of cladding layer; (c) 0% cladding top; (d) bottom of 1% cladding layer; (e) middle of 1% cladding layer; (f) top of 1% cladding layer; (g) bottom of 2% cladding layer; (h) middle of 2% cladding layer; (i) top of 2% cladding layer; (j) bottom of 3% cladding layer; (k) middle of 3% cladding layer; (l) top of 3% cladding layer

Fig. 5. SEM and enlarged images of cladding layers with 2% CeO₂ content added. (a) Bottom of 2% cladding layer; (b) middle part of 2% cladding layer; (c) top of 2% cladding layer; (d) enlargement view of bottom of 2% cladding layer; (e) enlargement of middle of 2% cladding layer; (f) enlargement of top of 2% cladding layer

Fig. 6. SEM image and EDS surface scanning of cladding layer with 2% CeO₂ are added

Fig. 7. XRD pattern and magnification of micro CeO₂ cladding layer. (a) XRD pattern; (b) XRD magnification

Fig. 8. Microhardness diagram and average hardness distribution histogram of cladding layer after adding 0%‒3%CeO₂. (a) Microhardness diagram; (b) distribution diagram of average hardness

Fig. 9. Curves of friction coefficient of cladding layer with time

Fig. 10. Curves of wear variation with scanning distance

Fig. 11. Potentiodynamic polarization curves of cladding layer in 3.5% NaCl solution

Fig. 12. Nyquist impedance diagram of cladding layer in 3.5% NaCl solution

Fig. 13. Potentiodynamic polarization curve of cladding layer in 1 mol/L NaOH solution

Fig. 14. Nyquist impedance diagram of cladding layer in 1 mol/L NaOH solution

Fig. 15. Potentiodynamic polarization curve of cladding layer in 1 mol/L H₂SO₄ solution

Fig. 16. Nyquist impedance diagram of cladding layer in 1 mol/L H₂SO₄ solution

Table 1. Chemical composition of 316L stainless steel

Table 2. Chemical composition of high-entropy alloy AlCoCrFeNi

Table 3. Wear amount of cladding layer with different CeO₂ content

Table 4. Self-corrosion voltage and current density of cladding layers with different CeO₂ content in 3.5% NaCl solution

Table 5. Self-corrosion voltage and corrosion current density of cladding layer with different CeO₂ content in 1 mol/L NaOH solution

Table 6. Self-corrosion voltage and corrosion current density of cladding layer with different CeO₂ content in 1 mol/L H₂SO₄ solution