Polarization imaging is a new photoelectric imaging technology that captures more information than traditional imaging technology. It has advantages in measuring transparent, high reflection/radiation, and textureless targets. Polarization imaging is still in the exploratory stage in industries, although it has been widely used in astronomy, remote sensing, and underwater imaging. This paper summarized the development and current status of polarization imaging and industrial detection as well as three-dimensional measurement based on polarization imaging to promote its popularization and application in industries. Further, the key technologies of polarization imaging for industrial vision were analyzed, and the future development direction of the related technologies was explored.